Chapter 5: Respiratory System & Introduction to Diagnostic Procedures

nose

acts as a filter to moisten and warm entering air

nasal septum

partition separating the right and left nasal cavities

paranasal sinuses

air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

pharynx

passageway for air and food; throat

adenoids

lymphoid tissue located on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity; pharyngeal tonsils

tonsils

lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx

larynx

location of the vocal cords; voice box

epiglottis

A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.

trachea

passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx; (also called the windpipe)

bronchus

one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs; bronchial tree

bronchioles

smallest branches of the bronchi

alveolus

air sacs at the end of the bronchioles

lungs

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes.

pleura

double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

diaphragm

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down

mediastinum

space between the lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.

adenoid/o

(combining form) adenoids

alveol/o

(combining form) alveolus

bronchi/o

(combining form) bronchus

bronch/o

(combining form) bronchus

diaphragmat/o

(combining form) diaphragm

phren/o

(combining form) diaphragm

epiglott/o

(combining form) epiglottis

laryng/o

(combining form) larynx

lob/o

(combining form) lobe

nas/o

(combining form) nose

rhin/o

(combining form) nose

pharyng/o

(combining form) pharynx

pleur/o

(combining form) pleura

pneum/o

air, lung

pneumat/o

air, lung

air, lung

pneumon/o

sept/o

combining form for septum

sinus/o

sinus

thorac/o

thorax, chest, chest cavity

tonsill/o

tonsil

trache/o

trachea

pulmon/o

lung

atel/o

imperfect, incomplete

capn/o

carbon dioxide

hem/o

blood

hemat/o

blood

muc/o

mucus

orth/o

straight

ox/i

Oxygen

phon/o

sound, voice

py/o

pus

radi/o

x-rays

somn/o

(combining form) sleep

son/o

sound

spir/o

breathe, breathing

tom/o

to cut, section, or slice

a-

prefix for absence of, without

an-

without

endo-

within

eu-

normal, good

poly-

many, much

tachy-

fast, rapid

-algia

pain

-ar

pertaining to

-ary

pertaining to

-eal

pertaining to

-cele

hernia or protrusion

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

-ectasis

dilation, expansion

-emia

in the blood

-gram

record, radiographic image

-graph

instrument used to record; record

-graphy

process of recording

-meter

instrument for measuring

-metry

measurement

-pexy

surgical fixation, suspension

-pnea

breathing

-rrhagia

rapid flow of blood

-scope

instrument used for visual examination

-scopic

pertaining to visual examination

-scopy

visual examination

-spasm

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

-stenosis

constriction or narrowing

-stomy

creation of an artificial opening

-thorax

chest, chest cavity

-tomy

cut into, incision

andenoiditis

inflammation of the adenoids

alveolitis

inflammation of the alveoli

atelectasis

incomplete expansion (of the lung or portion of the lung)

bronchiectasis

dilation of the bronchi

brochitis

inflammation of the bronchi

bronchogenic carcinoma

cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus (lung cancer)

bronchopneumonia

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs

diaphragmatocele

hernia of the diaphragm

epiglottitis

inflammation of the epiglottis

hemothorax

blood in the chest cavity

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx

laryngotracheobronchitis

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called croup)

lobar pneumonia

pertaining to the lobe(s); diseased state of the lung (infection of one or more lobes of the lung)

nasopharyngitis

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

pharyngitis

inflammation of the pharynx

pleuritis

inflammation of the pleura

pneumatocele

hernia of the lung (lung tissue protrudes through an opening in the chest)

pneumoconiosis

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs