GAD REVIEWER

Gender Role Socialization

Process of learning and internalizing culturally approved ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving acc. to one’s gender. Dictates what’s acceptable

External Regulations

Various institutions dictating what is proper and normal based on one’s identity

Internalized self-control

Self-policing acc. to society’s standards & norms

Biological Determinism

Falsification of natural and social history. Subjecting women as natural result of their genetics and justifying domestic patriarchy and male dominance

“Uterus Theory” of Female Inferiority

Idea that females are permanently enslaved to procreation bc of our maternal organs when in reality, males are handicapped for being more disruptive, competative and combatative

Avunculate Theory

The “husband” is often viewed as an outsider or stanger was subordinate to the maternal uncle who acted as a collective partner to his sister

Bilateral Kinship

Both males and females inherited equal parts of the parents’ property (pre-colonial PH society)

Economic independence of Filipino women

Could own, pursue, acquire property and dispose of produce

Oppression

“Press”, reduced, flattened, restricted, immboliized

Herstory

Feminist reconstruction of history that can serve to transform the gender relations from domination/subordination to equality/equity. Methodology that guarantees women’s place not only in the past but also in the future, esp since women were not always literate enough, rely on oral history

Gender mainstreaming

The strategy of integrating gender-responsive goals, analytical frameworks, and adequate logistics into regular government policies, projects, and routine operations so that agency personnel "think gender”

Achieving full participatipation with men in decison-making. Centralizing women’s issues and for all to initiate development activities and ejoy its outcome.

Women’s triple role

While men are only productive, women have the multiple burden of being (1) productive, (2) reproductive (domestic) and (3) community managers

Tongzhi 

Chinese term for “common will” and comrade. Used to refer to LGBTQ+

‘Queer'

Constituted a rejection of the binary distinction between homo- and heterosexual, and allowed us to conceptualise our sexualities as non-essential and transitional.

Judith Butler 

Gender is socially constructed. Women are not pregnant without being impregnated.

Hegemonic masculinity

Men feel as if they can dominate both men and women

Cultural Constructionism

Gender as socially constructed roles, performances, and cultural scripts

Double bind

Every single option exposes the person to penalty, censure, or deprivation.

Example (Female Sexuality): If a young woman is sexually active, she faces social censure, harassment, and labels like "promiscuous" or "slut." If she refrains from sexual activity, she faces pressure, harassment, and labels like "frigid," "prudish," or "man-hater." No choice yields safety or respect. Defining characteristics of oppression.