Anatomy & Physiology: The senses

Pain receptors are called(1)

nociceptors(1)

The olfactory receptors are for

smell

The hearing receptors are contained within the(1)

cochlea(1)

Tactile receptors are for(1)

touch(1)

Pain that is felt in an area of the body that is no longer there is called

phantom pain

Pain that feels like it is coming from a part other than the part being stimulated is called(1)

referred pain(1)

The osseous labyrinth of the inner ear is filled with(1)

perilymph(1)

Auditory receptors are for

hearing

The parts through which light passes as it enters the eye in the correct order

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

Utricles and saccules contain proprioreceptors for

static equilibrium

Semicircular canals contain proprioreceptors for

dynamic equilibrium

As sound waves travel through the ear canal, they cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate and in turn cause the ossicles to also vibrate. What is the correct sequence of the ossicles going from the tympanic membrane to the oval window?

malleus, incus, stapes

What is affected if a patient has an inner ear infection?(2)

cochlea(2)

The stapes is connected to the

oval window

Perilymph is a fluid found in the(2)

ossesous labyrinth(2)

The organ of Corti is considered to be the organ of hearing. Where is it located?(3)

cochlea(3)

When a person cries heavily, many times their nose begins to "run." This is due to the fact that tears from the eyes will pass through the __________ and enter into the nasal cavity

nasolacrimal duct

Auditory ossicle attached to tympanic membrane(1)

malleus(1)

Air-filled space containing auditory ossicles

tympanic cavity

Contains auditory neurons

organ of corti

scientific name for the outer ear

pinna

S-Shaped tube leading to tympanic membrane

external auditory meatus

Semitransparent membrane attached to the malleus

tympanic membrane

auditory ossicle attached to the oval window

stapes, stirrup

contains endolymph

membranous labyrinth

bony canal of inner ear in the temporal bone

osseous labyrinth

connects middle ear and pharynx(1)

eustacian tube or auditory tube(1)

bone between malleus and stapes; bony canal of inner ear in the temporal lobe

incus

scientific name for inner ear

labyrinth

Traps sound wave

auricle

tympanic membrane is…

eardrum; made up of dense connective tissue

semicircular canal

contains proprioreceptors for dynamic equilibrium

cochlea(4)

contains organ of Corti which houses auditory epithelium(4)

cochlear nerve

nerve connecting cochlea to brain

malleus(2)

hammer-shaped bone in the human middle ear that transmits sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus(2)

pinna(2)

outer ear that funnels sounds into auditory canal(2)

auditory canal is the

cavity that ends at the tympanic membrane

Stapes is also known as the

stirrup

eustacian tube(2)

connects middle ear to pharynx/throat(2)

posterior of middle tunic loosely joined to sclera

choroid coat

white part of outer tunic

sclera

transparent anterior portion of outer tunic(1)

cornea(1)

inner lining of eyelid

conjunctiva

secretes tears

lacrimal gland

empties into nasal canal(2)

nasolacrimal duct(2)

fills posterior cavity of eye

vitreous humor

area where optic nerve originates(1)

optic disk(1)

smooth muscle that controls light intensity

iris

fills the anterior and posterior chambers

aqueous humor

contains visual receptors called rods and cones(1)

retina(1)

causes lens to change shape

ciliary muscle

Antibacterial agent of tears

lysozyme

The rods and cones are collectively called

photoreceptors

The sets of color photo receptors within the retina are called

cones

Rod cells contain the pigment

rhodopsin

The transparent, portion of the eye's outer tunic is called the(2)

cornea(2)

Which of the following statements is true? 

a. Rods are more numerous than cones.

b. The fovea centralis area consists of only rods.

c. Cones identify light intensity

d. rods identify color

Rods are more numerous than cones.

Which of the following correctly describes the pathway of light passing through the eye?

a. cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, posterior chamber, lens, posterior cavity, retina

b. cornea, anterior cavity, pupil, posterior cavity, lens, posterior chamber, retina

c. cornea, anterior chamber, iris, pupil, posterior chamber, lens, posterior cavity, retina

d. cornea, sclera, vitreous humor, anterior chamber

cornea, anterior chamber, iris, pupil, posterior chamber, lens, posterior cavity, retina

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. The blind spot exists

b. The blind spot is located at the lateral side of the back of the eye.

c. The blind spot is the area where ganglion cells converge to make the optic nerve

d. The blind spot is only found in the right eye for left-handed people

The blind spot is only found in the right eye for left-handed people

Which of the following impulse pathways is correct regarding vision?

a. rods and/or cones are activated by light, graded potentials go to bipolar neurons then to ganglion cells, an action potential goes to the brain

b. rods and/or cones are activated by light, graded potentials go to ganglion cells then to bipolar neurons, an action potential goes to the brain

c. rods and/or cones are activated by light, action potentials go to bipolar neuron then go to ganglion cells, a graded potential goes to the brain

rods and/or cones are activated by light, graded potentials go to bipolar neurons then to ganglion cells, an action potential goes to the brain

All the ganglion cells of the retina merge and exit the eye forming the optic nerve. What is the name of this exit area?(2)

optic disk(2)

The anterior cavity of the eye is all of the area anterior to the

lens

The __________ produces aqueous humor that fills the __________

ciliary body; anterior cavity

If the vitreous humor level falls below normal levels, the __________ may become detached and will affect vision.(2)

retina(2)

Type of neurons that respond to molecules that have a specific scent.

olfactory neurons

Type of neurons that respond to molecules that are salty, sour, bitter and sweet

Gustatory neurons

Type of neurons that respond to molecules produced by injured tissues(2)

nociceptors(2)

Type of neurons that respond to touch(2)

tactile receptors(2)

Type of neurons that respond to position of arms, legs, and head in space; help with balance.(2)

proprioreceptors(2)

Where can tactile receptors be found in the human body?

Arteries, skin, lungs

Tactile receptors and proprioreceptors are classified as:

mechanoreceptors

The subunits of the tongue are called lingual ______

papilla

Each one of these subunits contain_____

taste buds

T or F: Taste and smell signals are routed to the occipital lobe of the cerebrum

False

T or F: Nociceptors are considered to be a type of chemical receptor.

True

auditory ossicle attached to the tympanic membrane(3)

malleus(3)

What is the lobe of the brain associated with the sense of smell?

parietal lobe

Pain that feels like it is coming from a part other than the part being stimulated(2):

referred pain(2)

The nerve that controls hearing and balance:

vestibulocochlear

Receptors found in arteries that detect changes in blood pressure(3):

tactile receptors(3)

The stapes is connected to the_______window

oval

The vestibulocochlear nerve sends the impulse to the______ ending at the auditory cortex of the__________lobe of the cerebrum

thalamus;temporal

Movement of stapes at the oval window transmits vibrations to the

vestibule

Rod cells contain the pigment

rhodopsin

myopia

light comes to a focus in the front of retina

hypermetropia

light comes to a focus behind the retina

astigmatism

uneven curvature of cornea or lens, distorting images on the retina

fovea centralis

an area of densely packed cones where vision is most actute

To focus light on hear objects, ciliary muscles________. To focus on distant objects, ciliary muscles________.

contract; relax

conjuctiva

covers the sclera and the cornea and keeps the eye moist inside of the eyelid

Olfactory epithelium contains

olfactory neurons, susentacular cells, and basal cells

Gustatory epithelium contains

neurons, sustentacular cells, and basal cells

gustatory neurons converge from the anterior of tongue to make the______nerve

hypoglossal

posterior of tongue and throat

glossopharyngeal

all nerves come together in the

nucleus solitarius in the medulla oblongata

Taste pathways: nerve impulse travels to________and then to taste cortex in________lobe of the cerebrum

thalamus;parietal