Psych Chap 5 but im speedrunning this so i can finish watching my c-drama

Stages of sleep

REM Sleep (Rapid Eye Movement)

Quick back and forth eye movements wherein the major muscles of the body appear to be paralyzed and it's in this stage in which dreaming occurs. Occupies 20% of adults' total sleeping time.

Unconscious wish fulfillment theory (Freud)

Psychoanalytical explanation where dreams represent unconscious wishes that the dreamer wants to fulfil.

Dreams for survival theory

Evolutionary explanation in which information relevant to daily survival is reconsidered and reprocessed. Dreams provide clues for living.

Activation synthesis theory

Neuroscience explanation in which dreams are the result of random activation of various memories tied together in a logical story line.

Hypnosis

Trancelike states of heightened susceptibility to the suggestions of others.

Meditation

A learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness.

Consciousness

The awareness of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings we are experience at a given moment.

Altered states of consciousness

All other states of consciousness when we're not awake like sleeping.

Depressants

Impedes the nervous system by causing neurons to fire more slowly.

Alcohol

The most frequently used depressant. Both heredity and environmental stressors can lead to alcoholism.

Stage 1 sleep (non-REM)

The transition between wakefulness and sleep. Low-amplitude, rapid brain waves.

Stage 2 sleep (non-REM)

Characterized by a slower, more regular wave pattern. Momentary interruptions of sharply pointed, spiky waves called sleep spindles.

Stage 3 sleep (non-REM)

Deepest stage, brain waves become slower, with higher peaks and lower valleys. Least responsive to outside stimulation.

Rebound effect

If a REM-deprived sleeper are able to rest undisturbed, they will spend more time in REM sleep than usual.

Activation Information Modulation (AIM theory)

dreams are initiated in the brain's pons, which sends random signals to the cortex

Insomnia

Affects 1/3 of all people. Women and older adults, and people who are unusually thin or depressed are more likely to suffer from this.

Sleep Apena

A condition where a person has difficulty breathing while sleeping. Significant loss of REM sleep, they are constantly reawakened when the lack of oxygen is great enough to trigger a waking response.

Night terrors

Sudden awakenings from non-REM sleep accompanied by extreme fear, panic, and strong physiological arousal.

Narcolepsy

Uncontrollable sleeping that occurs for short periods while a person is awake.

Sleepwalking/Sleeptalking

Occur in stage 3 sleep, most common in children. People with this condition have a vague consciousness of the world around them.

Class attendance was lower the day after the test because of

Schedules of reinforcement

Francine Shapiro

Developed a technique where people would experience REM sleep as a form of psychotherapy (EMDR)

If addiction runs in your family, you're only more susceptible if

you engage in the addictive substance

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

Controls our circadian rhythms (bio processes that occur regularly on a 24 hour cycle)

Ernest Hilgard's view on hypnosis

Hypnosis is a state of divided consciousness and dissociation where one stream involves obeying the hypnotist and the other is the hypnotized obeying those commands, whilst aware of what is happening to them.

Addictive drugs

produce a biological or psychological dependence on a drug in the user.

biological drug dependence

the body becomes so accustomed to functioning in the presence of a drug that it cannot function without it.

psychological drug dependence

people believe that they need the drug to respond to the stresses of daily living

Stimulants

drugs whose effect on the central nervous sytem cause a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension

Examples of stimulants

Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamines

Cocaine

Rapidly absorbed, takes effect almost immediately. Produces a high by flooding the brain with dopamine.

Amphetamine

Popularly known as speed, they stimulate the central nervous system. Includes: meth, Adderall, and bath salts.

Barbiturates

A form of central nervous system depressant. Induces sleep or reduces stress. Psychologically and biologically addictive.

Rohypnol

Called the date rape drug because when mixed with alcohol, can prevent victims from resisting sexual assault.

What did researches learn in the Rat Park experiment

The cure to addiction was connection

Narcotics

Drugs that increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety. The two most powerful narcotics are morphine and heroin.

Opiates

Includes heroin, they are narcotics that are derived from natural substances.

Hallucinogens

Drugs that alter perceptions, thoughts, and feelings. They can even produce hallucinations.

MDMA (Ectasy/Molly) and LSD

Hallucinogens that affect the operation of serotonin in the brain