110 Module 1 Introduction to the Pre-Socratics and the Sophists

contact

Productive _______ between ancient Greece and other cultures

well-traveled

Greeks were a ___________ group and were extremely adept at borrowing ideas

censors

No priestly class of _______ in Greece

imagination

Greek ________ had always been fertile in its concern with intimate detail

socioeconomic

__________ structure of Ancient Greece produced a whole leisured class of people

rationalize

Pre-Socratics attempted to ________ certain phenomena and explain them within the framework of general hypotheses

other natural phenomena

Pre-Socratics explained natural phenomena using other natural phenomena and not supernatural events

arche

Pre-Socratics were interested in identifying the ______ — a Greek work which means beginning, first principle, origin source of action, etc.

gods

Predecessors emphasized the works of the _____

cosmogony

Predecessors were concerned with _______ or theories about the origins of the world

nature

Pre-Socratics emphasized the workings of nature

cosmology

Pre-Socratics were concerned with cosmology or theories about the nature of the world

lacks

Pre-Socratics _____ scientific or a systematic method

visionary

Pre-Socratics were too _______

elegant but not verifiable

Pre-Socratics were interested in constructing ______ ___ ____ ________ systems

utilizes

Heirs ______ systematic and scientific methods

tempered

Heirs had ______ curiosity

elegant and verifiable

Heirs were interested in constructing _______ ___ ________ systems

Sophists

_______ were itinerant teachers who primarily taught rhetoric and other skills useful to gaining civic prominence; among the first to seriously raise questions in moral, social, and political philosophy

none, remains

____ of the works of the Pre-Socratics ______ in its entirety

barest summaries

The other fragments that we have are the ______ ________ of complex views. We cannot even be certain that these fragments are in fact parts of the original puzzle.

through the lenses of their own philosophers, Stoic or Christian bias

Other philosophers viewed their predecessors almost entirely _____ ___ _______ __ ____ ___ __________. We can often detect ____ __ ________ ____ in later doxographers.

Sophists

No doxographic tradition for the ________. Plato is the chief source about them.

Mythos, supernatural, rules

A traditional tale; a certain way of thinking that placed the world in the context of its ______ origins; provides the _____ that, if followed by all, would create the foundation of a genuine community of togetherness

Logos

Account; reason; word or speech or argument; proportion, principle or formula

Robin Waterfield

He said that, “So, we can characterize the Pre-Socratic revolution as a shift from mythos to logos, if we like. But these terms need to be used with caution, because there is more overlap between the two domains that might appear at first sight.

Anthony Kenny, characteristic methods

There is no specific subject matter in Philosophy, only _________ _______.

Anthony Kenny, understanding, organizing

“Philosophy is not a science, and there is no state of the art in philosophy. Philosophy is not a matter of expanding knowledge, of acquiring new truths about the world; the philosopher is not in possession of information that is denied to others. Philosophy is not a matter of knowledge, it is a matter of ________, that is to say, of ________ what is known.”

superficiality

Historians who study the history of thought without being involved in the philosophical problems that exercised past philosophers are likely to sin by _________.

anachronism

Philosophers who read ancient, medieval, or early modern texts without a knowledge of the historical context in which they were written are likely to sin by ________.

person, succession

Typically, historical philosophy looks for the reasons behind, or the justification for, the statements made in the text under study… the aim is not to reach the truth about the matter in hand, but to reach the understanding of a ______ or an age or a historical ________.

deinois

clever and terrifying; word used to describe Intellectuals in Ancient Greece