PROTOZOAN DISEASES

Transmitted by

• insects

• feco-oral route

Protozoa intro

• unicellular

• eukaryotic organisms

diagnosed by

microscopic examination of blood smear or lesions

Diseases under Protozoan

1. Piroplasmosis (Biliary Fever)

2. Trypanosomiasis

• Trypanosoma evansi (Surra)

• Trypanosoma equinum (Mal de caderas)

• Trypanosoma equiperdum (Dourine)

3. Equine Protozoa Myeloencephalitis (Sarcocystis neurona)

Piroplasmosis another name

Biliary Fever

Biliary Fever is another name of

Piroplasmosis

Piroplasmosis (Biliary Fever) is caused by

• Babesia caballi (milder form)

• Theileria equi/ Babesia equi (more serious form)

• intra-erythrocytic protozoa

• transmitted by ticks and nymphs

Piroplasmosis (Biliary Fever)

Transmitting agent Piroplasmosis (Biliary Fever)

• dermacentor

• rhipicephalus (brown dog tick)

• boophilus

• hyalomma

Clinical signs of Piroplasmosis (Biliary Fever)

1. Non-specific- symptoms are not pathognomonic

2. Signs results of:

• RBC destruction

• Complement activation

• release of inflammatory mediators

• Bradykinin

• histamine

• 5-hydroxytryptamine

What are the inflammatory activators

• Bradykinin

• histamine

• 5-hydroxytryptamine

tx for elimination of clinical signs

• diminazene diaceturate

• phenamidine isethionate

• amicarbalide diisethionate

tx to eliminate T. equi in combination of imidocarb

Buparvaquone + Imidocarb

Trypanosomiasis

• Trypanosoma evansi (Surra)

• Trypanosoma equinum (Mal de caderas)

• Trypanosoma equiperdum (Dourine)

Trypanosoma equinum

Mal de caderas

• Trypanosoma equiperdum

Dourine

• Trypanosoma evansi

Surra

Exotic dss. that occurs only in Tropical Africa, India and other far-off places

Trypanosomiasis

transmitted by arthropod which act as biological vectors

Trypanosomiasis

Specific infection: Dourine

Causes: T. equiperdum

Affecting Animals: Equine (by coitus)

Specific infection: Nagana (tse-tse fly)

Causes: T. brucei, T. congolense, T. vivax

Affecting Animals: horse, cattle, dog, camel

Specific infection: Surra

Causes: T. evansi

Affecting Animals: Horse (by horse fly)

Specific infection: Mal de caderas

Causes: T. equinum

Affecting Animals: Equine

Specific infection: Chagas disease

Causes: T. cruzi

Affecting Animals: Humas (by kissing bugs)

fatal venereal disease

Trypanosoma equiperdum (Dourine)

Trypanosoma equiperdum (Dourine) also known as

• covering disease

• spread during breeding or covering

slow, progressive disease with periods of recovery followed by relapse and eventually death

Trypanosoma equiperdum (Dourine)

Drugs treat signs and symptoms but not eliminate organism

Trypanosoma equiperdum (Dourine)

Tx of Trypanosoma equiperdum (Dourine)

Drugs treat signs and symptoms but not eliminate organism

What is the meaning of Surra in Hindi words

Rotten

Reproduce in blood of vertebrates host

Trypanosoma evansi (Surra)

Trypamastigote transmitted by:

Blood sucking blood: bite flies

• tabanus

• stomoxy

• lyperosia

Trypanosoma evansi (Surra) transmitted by

Blood sucking blood: bite flies

• tabanus

• stomoxy

• lyperosia

treatment for caprine surra

TrypanR

What animals affects Trypanosoma equiperdum (Dourine)

• horse

• donkey- more resistant

• mules- more resistant

disease of hip

Trypanosoma equinum (Mal de caderas)

vectors and mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma equinum (Mal de caderas)

• Tabanus

• stomoxy

in Trypanosoma equinum (Mal de caderas) it is susceptible to infection and may serve as reservoir host in horse

capybara

Equine Protozoan Myeloencephalitis (Sarcosystis neurona) caused by

Apicomplexan parastites

Equine Protozoan Myeloencephalitis

Sarcosystis neurona

Equine Protozoan Myeloencephalitis caused by surface antigen

SAG 1,5,6

intermediate host of Equine Protozoan Myeloencephalitis

• raccons

• cats

• sea otter

• shunks

• armadillos

definitive host of Equine Protozoan Myeloencephalitis

opposum

dead-end or abberant host of Equine Protozoan Myeloencephalitis

horse