Imperialism - World History

imperialism

the extension of a nation's power over other lands

Why did Europeans control such a small portion of Africa in the 1800s?

it was difficult to navigate African rivers and powerful African armies prevented Europeans from Africa.

How did Henry Stanley help King Leopold take control of land in the Congo?

to find Dr. Livingstone

Social Darwinism

survival of the fittest

Christianity (imperialism)

Primary motive in establishing the colony was to abolish the slave trade and promote Christianity.

Maxim Gun (imperialism)

first fully automatic machine gun; item of technology that helped Europeans conquer Africa

Steam Engine (imperialism)

Allowed Europeans to easily travel on rivers to establish bases of control deep in the African continent.

Quinine

a drug used for fighting malaria and other fevers

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

to divide Africa among European nations

What two parts of Africa were the only ones to remain free from European control?

Liberia and Ethiopia

Boers

Dutch settlers in South Africa

Why did the British and the Boers fight over southern Africa?

diamonds and gold were discovered there

Indirect control

used by local government officials to develop future leaders. It has limited self-rules and the government institutions are based on European, but local style ruling

Direct control

brought by foreign officials to rule to assimilate. It has no self-rule and the government institutions are based only on European styles

What is the policy of assimilation based on?

The idea that in time local populations would adopt the culture of the controlling country and become more like that country.

Royal Niger Company

the company that invaded Nigeria after Britain received permission from the Berlin Conference to take control

Why were African resistance movements usually unsuccessful?

Europeans had advanced weapons

How did colonial rule cause a breakdown in traditional African culture?

traditional authority figures were replaced, property was transferred with little regard to their importance to the people, and men were forced to leave villages

East India Company

An English company formed in 1600 to develop trade with the new British colonies in India and southeastern Asia.

Sepoys

Indian soldiers

Raj

British dominion over India (1757-1947)

How did imperialism contribute to unity and to the growth of nationalism in India?

Indians felt like second-class citizens in their own country.

Pacific Rim

Countries that border the Pacific Ocean

Dutch East India Company

Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.

What changes took place in Southeast Asia as a result of colonial control?

roads, harbor, and rail system improvement

How did the reforms of the Siamese king help Siam remain independent?

the changes came from their own government

Which areas did the United States acquire as a result of the Spanish-American War in 1898?

Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam

Why did Emilio Aguinaldo and the Filipino nationalists declare independence and establish the Philippine Republic?

the Filipino nationalists were not happy to trade the Spanish for the Americans and they claimed that the United States had promised immediate independence after the Spanish-American war.

Who was Queen Liliuokalani? What happened to her?

Queen Liliuokalani (Lil) was the monarch (ruler) of Hawaii. She was forced, by the marines aboard the USS Boston, to abdicate (to give up) her throne in 1893.

Why was China self-sufficient and had little interest in trading with the west?

they had a healthy agricultural economy

How did the British use opium to open up trade with China?

Chinese doctors used opium to relieve pain for hundreds of years. As a result, as many as 12 million Chinese people were addicted to opium since the British smuggled opium for nonmedical use

What did Great Britain gain in the Treaty of Nanjing?

Hong Kong

Taiping Rebellion

a mid-19th century rebellion against the Qing Dynasty in China, led by Hong Xiuquan

Sphere of Influence

A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities.

Why did Emperor Guangxu's efforts at reform and modernization of China fail?

most Qing officials saw it as a threat. The Dowager Empress arrested Guangxu and she reversed his reforms.

What was the goal of the Boxer Rebellion?

to drive foreigners out of China