16.3 – The Holocaust

Before the Holocaust, Nazi ideology promoted the notion of __ (Germanic people) as the ‘master race.’

Aryans

The invasion of __ brought Germany under the control of a significant Jewish population.

Poland

The racist ideology of the Nazis ultimately culminated in the __, a systematic mass slaughter of civilians, particularly Jews.

Holocaust

Nazi ideological goals, particularly __, developed gradually.

anti-Semitism

Measures such as boycotting Jewish businesses and enacting laws to exclude Jews from civil service, law, and medicine were implemented to __ Jews from German society.

socially and economically isolate

The regime's policies between 1935 and 1938 were largely carried out by the __ (Security Staff).

SS

The __ (1935) represented a significant shift in Nazi racial policy, stripping Jews of citizenship rights, job opportunities, and property ownership.

Nuremberg Laws

The policy of __ aimed to encourage Jews to leave Germany, often by forcing them to forfeit their assets.

De-Jewification

In response to these laws, many Jews attempted to migrate to countries like __, __, __, and __.

France, Britain, the U.S., and Latin America

Kristallnacht (November 9, 1938) was a violent assault on Jewish communities across Germany, marking the first __ against Jews.

nationwide coordinated campaign of violence

When World War II broke out in __, there was a brief pause in the Nazi policy towards Jews.

September 1939

Jews were gathered in Nazi-controlled areas of Europe, and although initially intended to be temporary, ghettos became a __ of Nazi policy.

permanent feature

Concentration camps were used for __, and most were located in Germany and Poland.

slave labor

The Einsatzgruppen (Mobile Killing Units) operated mainly in the __, systematically hunting down and murdering Jews.

Soviet Union

Around __ Jews were killed during the summer of 1941 by the Einsatzgruppen.

one million

The Einsatzgruppen faced two significant challenges: increasing __ in their operations and conducting operations with less scrutiny.

efficiency

Hitler’s ‘Final Solution’ was a __ program aimed at exterminating the entire European Jewish population.

genocidal

The Nazis constructed __ like Treblinka and Auschwitz, where the primary goal was to execute as many prisoners as possible.

death camps

Many Jews from across Europe were transported to these camps, and many __ during transit.

died

Avoiding exposure of their crimes to the Allies was an aim of the Nazis to maintain secrecy and __.

deception

The German population was largely __ for the regime's extreme measures.

unprepared

Initially, the Allies were __ to believe reports about the Holocaust.

reluctant

Despite the oppressive conditions, Jews found ways to resist and __ in the ghettos.

survive

The Jewish Fighters Organization led the most famous __ in the Warsaw Ghetto.

armed revolt

Even in concentration camps, prisoners staged __ and held onto their faith and resilience.

revolts

Approximately __ European Jews were murdered in death camps and through Nazi massacres during the Holocaust.

six million

Some individuals were fortunate to escape the horrors of the death camps with the help of non-Jewish individuals who __ their lives to save them.

risked

Those who survived the concentration camps faced __ suffering and were forever changed by the experience.

unimaginable