Bio 212 C2 Chemical Context of Life

Compound

made up of atoms joined by bonds

Electron Distributions

ability to form bonds

Trace Elements

required by an organism in minute quantities

What percent are Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen?

96% of living matter

What percent is the last 4% of living matter?

Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sulfur

Atom

smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

Name the Subatomic particles

neutrons, protons, and electrons

Isotope

2 atoms of a similar element that differ

Radioactive Isotopes

decay spontaneously and release energy

Covalent Bonds

shares a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms

Molecule

has 2 or more atoms held by valence electrons

Double Bonds

sharing of two pairs of valence electrons

Ions

2 atoms that are oppositely charged

Cations

positive charged ion

Anion

negative charged ion

Ionic Bond

when anions and cations are attracted to one another

Hydrogen Bonds

forms when hydrogen atoms covalently bond to electronegative atoms

Van de Waals Interactions

attractions between molecules that are close together, and accumulated via chance

Chemical Equation of Photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O + 6O2

Definition of Photosynthesis

the process of carbon dioxide and water being transformed into glucose and oxygen via energy from the sun

Chemical Equilibrium

when the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate (they are interchangeable)