Organic Chemistry 1 Important Functional Groups

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Last updated 6:55 AM on 9/2/26
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13 Terms

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Alkane

A hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds (C-C)

<p>A hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds (C-C)</p>
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Alkene

A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C).

<p>A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C).</p>
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Alkyne

A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond (C≡C)

<p>A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond (C≡C)</p>
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Alcohol

A hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to a saturated (sp3 hybridized) carbon atom (R-OH)

<p>A hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to a saturated (sp3 hybridized) carbon atom (R-OH)</p>
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Aromatic ring

Six carbon ring with alternating double and single bonds (BENZENE)

<p>Six carbon ring with alternating double and single bonds (BENZENE)</p>
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Phenol

Benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached ("Phen"-"ol" phenyl alcohol)

<p>Benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached ("Phen"-"ol" phenyl alcohol)</p>
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Aldehyde

A terminal functional group that contains a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom (condensed formula: R-CHO)

<p>A terminal functional group that contains a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom (condensed formula: R-CHO)</p>
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Ketone

A non-terminal functional group in which the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbons or alkyl chains (condensed formula: RCOR')

<p>A non-terminal functional group in which the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbons or alkyl chains (condensed formula: RCOR')</p>
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carboxylic acid

A terminal functional group in which the carbonyl group is bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH) (condensed formula: R-COOH)

<p>A terminal functional group in which the carbonyl group is bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH) (condensed formula: R-COOH)</p>
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Ester

A carbonyl group bonded to an alkoxy group (R-O) think carbonyl ether (condensed formula: R-COOR)

<p>A carbonyl group bonded to an alkoxy group (R-O) think carbonyl ether (condensed formula: R-COOR)</p>
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Ether

An oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl chains easiest way to remember R-O-R

<p>An oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl chains easiest way to remember R-O-R</p>
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Amine

A basic Nitrogen atom with a lone pair (Can be bonded to alkyl chains or hydrogens)

<p>A basic Nitrogen atom with a lone pair (Can be bonded to alkyl chains or hydrogens)</p>
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Amide

A functional group containing a carbonyl group bonded to a Nitrogen atom (the nitrogen can be substituted as well)

<p>A functional group containing a carbonyl group bonded to a Nitrogen atom (the nitrogen can be substituted as well)</p>