Ecology: Biotic Environment Summary (copy)

Ecology

The study of interactions between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of an environment.

Native Species

Species that evolved and are an integral part of the natural system.

Alien Species

Species introduced into an ecosystem, causing disruptions.

Endemic Species

Species found only in one specific area.

Producers (Autotrophs)

Organisms that convert inorganic molecules into organic compounds.

Consumers (Heterotrophs)

Organisms that rely on other living organisms for food.

Decomposers (Detrivores)

Organisms that decompose plants, animals, and faeces, returning nutrients to the environment.

Mutualism

A symbiotic relationship where both species benefit.

Commensalism

A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and the other is unaffected.

Parasitism

A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host).

Intraspecific Competition

Competition between organisms of the same species.

Interspecific Competition

Competition between organisms of different species.

Population

A group of organisms of the same species living together in the same habitat.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of individuals of a species that can be supported by available resources.

Sigmoid Growth Curve

A growth curve that shows stages of population growth including lag, exponential, equilibrium, and death phases.

Predator-Prey Dynamics

The relationship in which predators regulate prey populations.

Human Population Growth

Growth influenced by disease prevention, improved nutrition, and lack of predators.

Pest Control

Methods to reduce the impact of pests that compete with humans for resources.