Chapter 1, Part 2

Barter

The exchange of goods without the use of money.

Indigenous Trade Networks

Networks formed among tribes to facilitate barter and access goods they could not obtain or make themselves.

Algonquians

A group that made and traded furs, game, and birchbark canoes.

Iroquois

Farmers known for trading crops and baskets with other tribes.

Scalping

The act of cutting the scalp of a defeated enemy, historically practiced by some Native groups.

Current of thought

An ideology or belief that is reflected by words ending in 'sm'.

Animism

The native belief that objects, animals, and people possess spirits.

Trade goods

Items that are exchanged in barter, which may include food, tools, or crafts.

Healing ritual

A practice performed to promote healing, often involving spiritual elements.

First Nations culture

The customs, traditions, and practices of the indigenous peoples of Canada.