human geo 1 test

place

specific point on earth with special characteristics and unique location.

name, site, situation, coordinates

region

area of earth defined by 1 or more characteristics

cultural landscape - unified character of region.

cultural, economic, and physical features

scale

relationship between portion of earth being studied vs. whole earth

space

physical gap or interval between 2 objects

connection

relationships among people and objects across the world

geography

where and why

GIscience

analysis of data through satellites and other electronic info technologies

GPS

precise location of something of earth

mashups

maps overlaying data from one source on top of another source

map scale

relationship of a feature size to its actual size

map projection

the scientific method of transferring locations on earth to a flat map

reference map

show locations of features and use absolute values

thematic map

degree of an attribute, patterns, or distribution/movement

¨tell a story¨

use relative location

coordinates

latitude and longitude lines on earth that determine the exact placements of objects

Time zones

longitudinal lines tell time

starts at Greenwich, England and ends at Prime meridian

east = +1

West = -1

three types of region

formal - where everyone shares 1 or more distinct characteristic

Functional - organized around a node or focal point. for economic info

Vernacular - people identify culture. differs from person to person

globalization

Actions or processes that involve the entire world

transnational corporations

business that operate in multiple countries

factories, employees, and sells products in countries away from base

distribution

arrangement of a feature in space

3 properties of distribution

density- frequency w which something occurs in space (clustered or dispersed)

concentration- extent of a feature spread over space

pattern-arrangement (geometric) in space

diffusion

process which ideas and innovations are spread

different types defined by how things move

diffusion types

migration - movement of people

expansion - movement of features

relocation - spread of features by people

result of interaction

assimilation - groups’ cultural features are altered to resemble another

acculturation - process in culture that results in meeting of 2 groups

syncretism - combination of elements of 2 groups to form a new culture

frontier

Zones where no state/country exercises complete political control

boundary

A line that marks the extent of a country’s territory 

3 types of boundries

Physical

Cultural

Geometric

physical boundaries

• Boundaries where there is also a significant physical feature

  • Mountain

  • Desert

  • Ocean/Sea/River

• Easy to see on maps

cultural boundries

• Boundaries that exist due to difference in cultural backgrounds

  • Language

  • Religion

  • Ethnicities

• Not seen with a map or the eyes

geometric boundries

• Boundaries based on human constructs

  • Lines drawn on maps

  • No actual barrier

  • Latitude & Longitude