RAD 105 Exam 1

is the patient history process optional?

no

why might an outpatient be angry?

waiting for the exam

what is object data?

information that can be observed and measured

what are examples of objective data?

heart rate or fever

what is subjective data?

how patient is feeling

can subjective data be measured?

no

what are examples of subjective data?

stomach ache or pain level

why should you avoid yes/no questions?

let the patient give you more information

why should you avoid leading questions?

we want the patient to explain their problem in their own words

why do we summarize history at the end?

to verify accuracy

what do radiologists want to know about the patient history?

chief complaint - WHY of the exam

should we acquire only the chief complaint?

no, get more information related to todays visit

what should you say in your initial interaction?

introduce yourself and verify the patient

how do we verify a patient?

two forms of verification - name and DOB

what should we always ask to a female patient?

any chance of pregnancy

what is the SS term localization?

where is the problem

what is the SS term chronology?

has the pain changed since it started

what is the SS term quality?

how it hurts (achey, sharp, dull)

what is the SS term severity?

intensity (1-10)

what is the SS term onset?

when and how it started

what is the SS term aggravating or alleviating factors?

what makes it worse/better

what is the SS term associated manifestations?

anything they want the DR to know

what should you do after getting the SS info?

repeat it back to them

what should you consider when look at the ordered exam and patient history?

does patient history data match the exam order

what does SID stand for?

Source to image distance

what does source to image distance (SID) mean?

distance from the focal spot (inside the x-ray tube) to the image receptor (IR)

what does detent mean?

a locking position where the x-ray tube is centered with the base of the table or upright unit

what does focal spot mean?

the precise area on the anode target where electrons strike to produce x-rays

what are the common SID values?

40 and 72

what does the SID matter?

affects image sharpness, magnification, and exposure

what is a ‘small’ focal spot?

produces sharper images but handles less heat

what is a ‘large’ focal spot?

handles more heat but slightly reduces image sharpness

what does kVp stand for?

Kilovoltage peak

what does kVp mean?

the penetrating power of the x-ray beam

what does it mean to have a higher kVp?

more penetration and lower contrast

what does it mean to have a lower kVp?

less penetration and higher contrast

what does mAs stand for?

Milliampere - seconds

what is an mAs?

product of tube current (mA) X exposure time (seconds)

what does an mAs represent?

the total number of x-ray photons produced

what is the impact of the mAs?

controls image density (overall blackness)

what does IR stand for?

image receptor

what does DR mean?

digital radiography cassette

what is the purpose of the IR?

captures the image for viewing

what is a bucky?

holds the IR steady during the exposure and contains a grid to reduce scatter radiation

what is the location of the bucky?

directly under the tabletop

what does AEC stand for?

automatic exposure control

what is AEC?

automatically stops exposure when enough radiation has reached the IR

where does AEC work?

only with the table bucky or upright bucky

what is the benefit of AEC?

reduces repeats and optimizes patient dose

what is tabletop imaging?

IR is placed directly on the tabletop (not in the bucky)

what is special about tabletop imaging?

AEC cannot be used for these - must be manual

what is the collimator?

shapes and limits the x-ray beam to the area of interest

what does the collimator control?

length and width

why is the collimator important?

reduces patient dose and improves image quality

what is the appropriate method to interact with a patient aged birth to 1?

speaking to parents, but facial expressions, body movements, and nonverbal communication

what is the appropriate method to interact with a patient aged 1 to 3?

ask parents about child’s vocab, speak with simple words, show them parts of the machine

what is the appropriate method to interact with a patient 3 to 5?

keep them actively involved to maintain a short attention span

what is the appropriate method to interact with patients aged 5 to 10?

give them special attention to divert them away from negative aspects

what is the appropriate method to interact with patients aged 10 to 25?

keep conversations the same as other adults

what is the appropriate method to interact with patient aged 25 to 45?

normal conversations

what is the appropriate method to interact with patients aged 65 and older?

don’t patronize them, answer questions normally

what is the very base of maslow’s hierarchy of needs pyramid?

physiological needs - food, clothes, warmth

what is the second tier of maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

safety needs - physical safety

what is the third tier of maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

social needs - communication

what is the fourth tier of maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

self-esteem needs - dignity

what is the top tier of maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

self-actualization - comfortable and optimistic

what is an inpatient?

admitted to the hospital, taking a bed in the hospital

what is an outpatient?

patient comes in for an appointment and leaves after task

what does AIDET stand for?

acknowledge, introduce, duration, explanation, and thank you

what is an example of A in AIDET?

acknowledge - greet the patient

what is an example of I in AIDET?

Introduce - explain who you are and your role

what is an example of D in AIDET?

duration - estimate the exam time

what is an example of E in AIDET?

explanation - lay out exam and needs from patient

what is an example of T in AIDET?

Thank you - appreciation for trust and cooperation

what are the three kinds of touch?

emotional support, emphasis, and palpation

what is emotional support touch?

gentle, reassurance and empathy, like a hug

what is emphasis touch?

reinforce spoken words, where to stand/lay

what is palpation touch?

specific touch for body landmarks - always ask first

what are the five stages of grief?

denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

what are example of nonverbal communication?

body language, touch, physical presence, professional appearance

what are the essential components of patient communication?

talk TO the patient, don’t diagnose, don’t delay talking to the patient, and don’t always have to bring visitors back to the exam room

how should we respond to a patient asking about the results of their x-rays?

their referring physician will provide the results in 24-48 hours

what are the five terms of emotional intelligence (EI)?

self-awareness, Self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills

what is human diversity?

variety of human societies and cultures and examines their similarities and differences

what is cultural competancy?

ability to understand, respect, and effectively interact with people from other backgrounds

what is the difference between assimilation and biculturalism?

assimilation is conforming to mainstream culture, biculturalism is ability to participate in two cultural worlds

what % of the population have some kind of disability?

more than 10%

what does ethnocentric mean?

personal belief that your culture is superior to others

what is equity?

distributing resources based on individual needs

what is equality?

everyone has the same things

what is ethnicity?

shared cultural charcteristics

what is race?

social construct based on characteristics

what is national origin?

where someone originated from

what are gender roles?

socially and culturally expected behaviors

what is gender identity?

internal sense of gender

what is sexual orientation?

desire for emotional, romantic, and/or sexual relationship with others

what is globalization?

interconnectedness of people, cultures, economies, and services across the world