Anatomy and physiology chapter 2

Carbohydrates function

Carbohydrates function

main source of energy (short term)

protein fuction

Some proteins control the rate of reactions, regulate cell processes, form important structures, transport various substances, and help fight disease.

Lipids fuction

source of long term energy

nucleic acid function

store and transmit genetic information

What do nerve tissues include?

neurons and glial (neurological) cells

What does pH measure?

acidity of alkalinity of a solution

What do fat cells make up?

Adipose Tissue

What is the power house of the cell?

mitochondria

What forms a smooth covering on the ends of long bones?

Hyaline cartilage

What are vesicles containing potentially dangerous enzymes?

lysosomes

similarities of cardiac and skeletal muscle

-both striated muscle tissue

differences of cardiac and skeletal muscle

• Cardiac muscle never stop working

• cardiac muscle is shorter

• cardiac muscles are single nuclei

• skeletal muscle pull on bones

• skeletal muscles are long and thin

• skeletal muscles have multiple nuclei

3 types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

3 types of fibers found in connective tissue

collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers

functions of connective tissue

physical protection, support and structural framework, binding of structures, storage, transport, immune protection

Which specific epithelial tissue makes up the esophagus?

Simple columnar- single layer long cells.

What do enzymes do?

speed up chemical reactions

Where are ribosomes located?

cytoplasm and rough ER

The monomers of nulceic acids

nucleotides

monomers of carbohydrates

monosaccharides

monomers of lipids

glycerol and fatty acids

monomers of proteins

amino acids

Nitrogenous bases in DNA

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine (A-T, C-G)

2 types of nucleic acids

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Elements in Carbohydrates and Lipids

C, H, O (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)

elements in proteins

C, H, O, N (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)

elements in nucleic acids

C H O N P (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus)

What types of bonds do water molecules form with each other?

Hydrogen bonds

What is a triglyceride?

a lipid made of one glycerol and three fatty acids

Histology

study of tissues

bone

osseous

Cartilage

a connective tissue that provides support and flexibility to parts of the skeleton

simple squamous

single layer of flat cells

simple cuboidal

single layer of cube shaped cells

simple columnar

Single layer of tall cells

Stratidied squamous

Multi-layered, squamous cells

stratified cuboidal

Two layers of cuboidal cells

stratified columnar

Surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape.

What is A?

golgi apperactus

What is B?

Mitochondrion

What is C?

Nucleaus

What is D?

cytoplasm

What is F?

Ribosome

What is G?

plasma membrane

Prophase

Metaphase

anaphase

Telephase