EXTENSION CHAPTER 2 - History

adult education

First used to describe as programs in England in the second half of the 19th Century

ADVISORY SERVICE

The term was later adopted in the United States of America, while in Britain, it was replaced with ____ in the 20th Century

1800 BC

Mesopotamia (present day Iraq), unearthed clay tablets were discovered by archeologists wherein advice on watering crops and getting rid of rats were inscribed.

Mesopotamia

Some hieroglyphics on Egyptian columns gave advice on avoiding crop damage and loss of life in Nile’s floods

2nd – 3rd Century BC

Latin texts were written, frequently drawing on practical farming experience which aimed to help Roman landowners to maintain and improve their estates and revenues. In Imperial China, dissemination of agricultural information was a matter of concern to the state since it heavily relied on taxes and revenues from landowners and tenants.

Hieroglyphs

are characters used in a system of pictorial writing, particularly that form used on ancient Egyptian monuments.

Papyrus

a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface

1845

The first agricultural extension service came into existence as a result of the outbreak of the potato blight in Ireland

1840s

In Britain, “University Extension” or “Extension of the University” was first used.

1841

Royal Agricultural Improvement Society (RAIS) establishment in Britain.

1850

Oxford and Cambridge talked about how to meet the demands of the increasing population.

1867- 1868

James Stuart, a fellow at Trinity College in Cambridge, took the first practical steps in what was known as "University Extension."

1871

James Stuart urged the University to lead the development of Centers for Extension Lectures.

1873

University of Cambridge adopted the system.

1876

University of London followed Cambridge.

1878

University of Oxford followed the system.

1880

The system became well-established and developed and was referred to as extension movement; the University extended its use beyond the campus; thus, extension became more institutionalized function of the universities.

July 2, 1862

Morrill Act, signed by Abraham Lincoln, provided mechanisms for agricultural education. Stipulating that each state would set aside acreage of federal land and that income derived from the property would support a state college or university for teaching “agriculture and the mechanic arts”

1887

The Hatch Act, which provides funding for experiment stations, was passed to create a cooperative relationship between the USDA and the Land Grant Colleges.

1890

American Society for Extension of University was established. The concept of land grants was expanded with the passage of the 2nd Morrill Act in more areas in the US regions. The Farmers Institute Movement was organized under Federal supervision and support. The activities were based on the demand.

Granja Modelos

served as a trial plot for the government and as demonstration centers for farmers.

1565

“Granja Modelos” served as a trial plot for the government and as demonstration centers for farmers.

• Experimental stations of the Spanish government

• Demonstration centers for farmers

end of 18th century

Extension also had regulatory functions such as supervision of tobacco fields and grading of tobacco leaves for export

October 18, 1901

Beginning of extension work under the American regime

April 30 1902

Establishment of the Bureau of Agriculture under the Department of Interior; The Administrative Division of the Bureau of Agriculture took charge of the Bureau’s extension program.

1910

Created within the Bureau was the Agricultural Extension Division; home extension work mainly on food preservation was started in the Division of Organic Chemistry of the Bureau of Science; Maria Y. Orosa founded the home extension service.

1923

The Demonstration and Extension Division was changed to Agricultural Extension Services.

1932

BPI’s Agricultural Extension Division was renamed Agricultural Division which carried out extension services up to the time the Commonwealth Act was passed.

1936

The provincial agriculture extension service was established under the Commonwealth Act No. 85

Created the position of Provincial Agriculturist A Provincial Agriculturist took charge of agricultural extension in the whole province.

1950s

The Bureau of Agricultural Extension was established through Republic Act 680.

Macapagal Administration

The BAE was renamed to Agricultural Productivity Commission through RA 3844 and placed it under the Office of the President.

Aquino Administration

Under the Reorganization Law of 1986, BAEx was merged with other agencies under the Agricultural Training Institute; the Local Government Code of 1991 developed the extension function from the Department of Agriculture to the Department of Local Government

Ramos Administration

From technology transfer to participatory extension through the Gintong Ani Program

1942-1945

Japanese Occupation • Home economics and agricultural extension work, particularly in the provinces suffered drawbacks. Extension work was paralyzed

1950

Upon request of the President of the Philippines to the President of USA to send to the Philippines an Economic Survey Mission “to consider financial problems of the country and recommend measures that will enable the Philippines to become and remain self-supporting”. The Bell Survey Mission came to the Philippines.

1965

Reconceptualization of the rice self-sufficiency program to include rice production, marketing and distribution and the consolidation, integration and the concentration of government as well as private sector resources.

1972

Declaration of Martial law. Several organizational changes affecting agricultural extension took place. • Presidential Decree No. 1 and Presidential Letter of Implementation reverted the APC to its original name BAEx. • Functions and personnel in cooperatives were transferred to the Department of Local Government and Community Development (DLGCD). • PD 970 abolished the Bureau of Farm Management of the Department of Agrarian Reform and transferred its extension function to BAEx.

May 21, 1973

The Masagana 99 Program was launched. Under the program research results generated in experiment stations and applied research conducted in farmers’ fields were put together in a 16- simple-step package of production technology

June 30 1984

EO No. 967 renamed the Ministry of Agriculture into the Ministry of Agriculture and Food (MAF) and transferred the BFAR from the Ministry of Natural Resources to the MAF.

1987

The Ministry of Agriculture and Food was renamed the Department of Agriculture.

1987

By virtue of ED No. 116, the BAEx, the Philippine Agricultural Training Council and the Philippine Center for Rural Development were merged into the Agricultural Training Institute (ATI). Thus, the birth of ATI meant the death of BAEx.

1991

The agricultural extension services of DA were devolved to the local government units by virtue of RA 7160 otherwise known as the Local Government Code (1991).

1997

The Republic Act 8435 also known as the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) was created.

2010

RA 10068 – Organic Agriculture Act of 2010. This act provides for the development and promotion of organic agriculture in the Philippines and other purposes.

2019

Republic Act 11203 - Rice Tariffication Law (RTL). Impose 35% tariff on members of ASEAN countries. Aims to ensure food security and to make the country’s agricultural sector viable, efficient and globally competitive.

1845

Year first agricultural extension service came into existence as a result of the outbreak of potato blight in Ireland

James Stuart

Father of University Extension

1987

Year Bureau of Agriculture was created

Maria Y. Orosa

Founded home extension service

Commonwealth Act No. 85

Provincial agriculture extension service was established under

Spanish Era

1. An era where model farms were set up.

Macapagal administration

1. BAE was renamed Agricultural productivity Commission

1972

1. Year Martial Law was declared which resulted to organizational changes affecting agricultural extension

1987

1. Year of the birth of Agricultural Training Institute

RA 7160

1. Otherwise known as Local Government Code 1991