Herbicides

2,4-D

Description

• post-emergent

• systemic

• selective

• broadleaf weeds

• Do not apply when temperatures exceed 90°F and humidity is high

Mechanism

• absorbed through leaves and translocated to meristems of plant

• Group 4 (Auxin Type)

Hazards

• acid and ester form can cause severe eye irritation

• otherwise low toxicity

What is the difference between the amine and the ester?

Esters have higher vapor pressure and are generally better at controlling weeds. However, this make them less safe and more likely to drift and contact other ornamentals.

Acclaim (Fenoxyprop)

Description

• post emergent

• selective

• foliar systemic

• annual and perennial grass control, including crabgrass and goosegrass, foxtail

• water emulsion

Mechanism

• Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (active ingredient)

• Group 1: accase inhibitor, blocks fatty acid biosynthesis

Hazards

• Caution. causes temporary severe eye injury. causes skin irritation.

Bensulide

Description

• pre-emergent

• selective

• annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

• available as granule or EC

Mechanism

• organophosphate herbicide

• epsp synthase inhibitor (Group 9)

Hazards

• neurological and reproductive harm to humans

Bentazone

Description

• post-emergent

• foliar herbicide

• broadleaf weeds and yellow sedge

• usually applied by spraying

• FOR USE agriculture and turf uses

Mechanism

• benzothidiazinone

• Group 6 (photosystem 2 inhibitor)

Hazards

• Caution

• Mildly toxic if swallowed, in eyes, or contacted deramally

Banvel (Dicamba)

Description

• post-emergent

• selective

• systemic

• broadleaf weeds

• FOR USE in agriculture and turf grass

Mechanism

• auxin receptor

Hazards

• slightly toxic

Dimension (Dithiopyr)

Description

• pre-emergent

• selective

• systemic

• crabgrass, poa annua, goosegrass and broadleafs

• for us on lawns, sod, turf, ornamentals, christmas tree farms

• NOT FOR AGRICULTURAL USE

Mechanism

• Group 3 (Microtuble inhibitors)

Hazards

• Warning level label

Ethofumisate (Prograss)

Description

• pre and post emergent

• poa annua, but also attacks annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

Mechanism

• EC

• Group 16: unknown

Hazards

• Danger label

• Not for sale in CT

Glufosinate-amonium (Finale)

Descrption

• Post-emergent herbicide

• Non-selective

• systemic

• FOR USE in landscaping, turfgrass, etc.

Mechanism

• Nitrogen metabolism inhibitor (group 10)

Danger

• Warning

Roundup (Glyphosate)

Description

• post-emergent herbicide

• non-selective

• water soluble liquid

• contacts weeds and moves into root system

Mechanism

• Group 9 synthase inhibitor

Danger

• Caution

Manage

Halosulfuron-methyl

Description

• pre and post emergent control

• selective

• systemic

• broadleaf weeds and nutsedge

• water dispersable granule

Mechanism

• Group 2: ALS Inhibitor

Danger

• Caution

Gallery (Isoaxben)

Description

• pre-emergent

• selective

• water dispersible powder

• FOR USE residential lawn and landscapes

Mechanism

• Group 21 (

Hazards

• Caution

Snapshot (Isoxaben + oryzalin)

Description

• pre-emergence

• selective

• systemic

• broadleaf weeds and annual grasses

• dry flowable

Mechanism

• Group 3

Danger

• Caution label

MCCP (Mecoprop)

Description

• post-emergent

• selective

• systemic

• broadleaf weeds

• lawns, golf courses, turf

Mechanism

• Group 4 (Auxin Receptor) (Phenoxy)

Hazard

• Danger

• Irreversible eye damage

• harmful if swallowed

Embark (Mefluidide)

Description

• plant growth regulator, for ornamental lawn turfgrass

• liquid, foliar application

Mechanism

• growth regulator

Hazard

• Caution

Momentum (2,4-D, triclopyr, fluroxypyr)

Description

• broadleaf weeds

• liquid application

• FOR USE on turf, parks, cemetaries, etc.

Hazard

• Danger, causes irreverisble eye damage

(Goal) Oxyfluren

Description

• pre and post emergent herbicide

• selective

• systemic

• annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

• FOR USE in agricultural settings

Mechanism

• PPO inhibitors (Group 14)

Hazards

• Warning

Pelargonic Acid (Scythe)

Description

• post-emergent

• non-selective

• Contact

• Broadleaf and grassy weeds

• used in turf, farms, industrial areas

Mechanism

• EC

• does not have a HRAC mode of action

Hazard

• Warning

PreM (Pendimethalin)

Description

• pre-emergent control

• annual grasses

• certain broadleaf weeds

  • chickweed, oxalis, spurge, knotweed

Mechanism

• Group 3 Microtuble Inhibitor

• selective

Hazard

• Caution

Tordon (Picloram)

Description

• post-emergent

• selective

• systemic

• broadleaf, woody, and vine weed control

• crops, industrial areas, and roadside

Mechanism

• Group 4 herbicide

Hazard

• Caution

Barricade (Prodiamine)

Description

• pre-emergent

• selective

• broadleaf

• Water-Dispersible Granule

Mechanism

• Group 3: Microtubule inhibitors

Hazard

• Caution

Pramitol

(Prometon)

Description

• non-selective herbicide that relies on rainfall to move into root zone

• emulsion

• FOR USE in industrial areas, airports, roadways, etc.

Mechanism

• Group 5: Photosystem II Inhibitors

Hazard

• Caution

Kerb (Pronamide)

Description

• post-emergent control of winter annual and perennial grasses

• pre-emergent control broadleaf weeds

• selective

• systemic

• water-soluble concentrate

Mechanism

• Group 3: Microtubule Inhibitor

Hazards

• Caution

Poast (Sethoxydim)

Description

• post emergent

• selective

• systemic

• grassy weeds

• used for crops and other labeled sites

Mechanism

• Group 1: Accase inhibitor

• Emulsifiable liquid

Hazard

• Warning

Siduron (Tupersan)

Description

• pre-emergent

• annual grassy weed

• wettable powder

Mechanism

• Group 5: photosynthesis inhibitor

Hazard

• Caution

Triclopyr (Garlon, Turflon)

Garlon

Description

• post-emergent

• selective

• controls woody plants, annual, and broadleaf weeds

• EC

• industrial and roadside applications

Mechanism

• Group 4: Auxin Receptors

Hazards

• Caution

Turflon

Description

• post-emergent

• selective

• controls perennial and annual broadleaf weeds

• FOR USE on Ornamental turf

• EC

Confront (Triclopyr + clopyralid)

Description

• post-emergent

• systemic

• selective

• broadleaf weeds

• FOR USE in turf

• water-soluble liquid

Mechanism

• Group 4: Auxin Receptor

Hazards

• Danger

• irreversible eye damage

Trifluralin (Treflan, Team)

Description

• pre-emergent

• selective

• annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

• granular

Mechanism

• Group 3: Microtubule Inhibitors

Hazard

• Caution

What is the difference between Team and Treflan?

• Treflan is used for crops in agriculture. Team is used for turfgrass

Group 1: Accase Inhibitor

“Lipid Synthesis Inhibitor”

How does it work:

• absorbed by the leaves

• blocks fatty acid biosynthesis, which results in cell rupture, causing chlorosis and disintegration of the leaves within 1 week

What active ingredients are in this group:

• fops, dims, and dens

What product names are in this group:

• Sethoxydim (Poast)

• Acclaim

Group 2: ALS Inhibitors

“Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors”

How does it work

• systemic herbicide that blocks ALS enzyme production, which blocks amino acid production, which block protein growth and causes plant to die

What herbicides are in this group:

• Halosulfuron-methyl (Manage Herbicide)

Group 9: EPSP Synthase Inhibitor

Glyphosate!!!

How does it work:

• blocks EPSP synthase enzyme, which then blocks amino acid production, which blocks protein production and causes plant death

What herbicides are in this group:

• Glyphosate (Roundup), Bensulide

Group 4: Synthetic Auxin (Growth Regulator)

How does it work?

• mimics natural auxin, but its synthetic. the plant is overloaded with synthetic auxins that cause extreme growth habits that lead to plant overgrowth and death.

What pesticides are in this group?

• 2,4-D, Dicamba, MCPA, triclopyr, picloram, MCCP (Mecoprop)

What are the brand names?

• Garlon, Turflon, Confront, Tordon, Momentum, Banvel

Group 5 + 6: Photosynthesis Inhibitors

How does it work?

• bind to protein in photosystem, blocking flow of electrons. accumulates toxic reactive oxygen species, which damage cells and cause necrosis

Which pesticides are in this group?

• Siduron (Tupersan), Prometon (Pramitol), Bentazone

What are the brand names?

Group 10: GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE INHIBITOR

How do they work?

• Group 10 herbicides work by inhibiting glutamine synthetase, a critical enzyme in nitrogen metabolism

What pesticide fall under this category?

• Glufosinate-amonium (Finale)

Group 14: Cell Membrane Disruptor: PPO Inhibitor

How does it work?

• target the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO). This enzyme is essential for chlorophyll synthesis in plants. When it is inhibited, toxic molecules accumulate, leading to cell membrane destruction and rapid plant death.

What pesticides fall in this category?

• Oxyfluren (Goal)

Group 3: Microtubule Inhibitors

How does it work?

• binds to protein tubulin, which forms microtubules. this herbicide blocks microtubule production, which inhibits cell growth and causes the plant to die

What pesticides fall in this category?

• Dithiopyr (Dimension), Trifluralin (Treflan, Team), Prodiamine (Barricade)

Group 21: Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitor

How does it work?

• inhibits cellulose synthase, which is a key enzyme in cellulose production. Cellulose builds cell walls. Cell growth is disrupted and the plant dies

What pesticides fall in this category ?

• Isoaxben (Gallery)

What is a selective herbicide? What herbicides are selective?

What is a selective herbicide?

• Herbicide formulated to control specific weeds or weed categories. A material that is toxic to some plant species but less toxic to others

Chemical Names

• Trifluralin (Treflan, Team)

• Triclopyr + clopyralid (Confront)

• Triclopyr (Garlon, Turflon)

• Siduron (Tupersan)

• Sethoxydim (Poast)

• Pronamide (Kerb)

• Prodiamine (Barricade)

• Picloram (Tordon)

• Pendimethalin (Pre-M, Pro-Turf)

• Oxyfluren (Goal)

• Momentum

• MCCP (Mecoprop)

• Isoaxben (Gallery)

• Halosulfuron-methyl (Manage Herbicide)

What is a non-selective herbicide? What herbicides are non-selective?

What is a non-selective herbicide? AKA broad spectrum

• Herbicide formulated to control both broadleaf and grass weeds.

Names

• Prometon (Pramitol)

• Pelargonic Acid (Scythe)

• Glufosinate-amonium (Finale)

How would you handle a lawn full of broadleaf weeds? What would be your approach?

What are broadleaf weeds?

• Weeds that grow with a main vein and have branching veins from the main vein. they usually grow as dicots, or with two leaves from seed

How do you handle these with pesticides?

How would you handle a lawn full of annual grasses like crabgrass and goosegrass?

What are grassy weeds?

• Grassy weeds are differentiated from broadleaf weeds by their veins parallel to the grass blade. they also grow as monocots, or single stems from seed

What are common preemergent herbicides?

• Prodiamine

• Dithiopyr

• Isoaxben

• Pendimethalin

• Oryzalin

What are common post-emergent herbicides?

2,4-D (Broadleaf)

Dicamba (Dicamba)

MCPP (Broadleaf)

MCPA (Broadleaf)

Bentazone (Sedges)