Chapter 3: Ability to Use Source Materials

What is the importance of documenting sources?

to avoid plagiarism, to be more convincing, to provide a "dialogue" and to give readers additional resources for further reading on the subject

What are the main types of citation?

MLA, APA, and CMS

What are some Common abbreviations for bibliographic entries? (Important for test) (read all every time)

chap = chapter

diss = dissertation

doi = digital object identifier

ed = editor or edition

eds = editors

et al = to list additional authors

ibid = a citation refers to the source just used

n.d. = no date
n.p. = no publisher

no. = number (volume, etc.)

p./ p.p = page/ pages
qtd = quote

rpt = reprint

trans = translator

URL = Universal Resource Locator
vol = volume

write = writer

Almanac

for facts, statistics and comparative information on people, places and events.

Atlas

different types of maps

Bibliography

list of resources and material

Citations index

a list of citations for specific sources

dictionary

for the origin, pronunciation and definitions of words

a dictionary entry will have the word, its part of speech (adj.), its meaning, its grammatical forms (variations in the word and etymology (origin of the word))

denotations

the literal meaning of the word example pig is a denotaiton (but the other meaning of pig (a slopy person would not))

connotation

the emotional or cultural associations attached to a word beyond its literal meaning. like pig means the animal (denotation) or a sloppy person (connotation)

Directories

a list of people or organizations

encyclopedia

a listing of a widee range of subjects with brief information about them

Handbook

a lot of information on one subject

index

how to lo Cate information on an item or source

Thesaurus

a synonym (antonym) dictionary

Parts of speech abbreviations (read all each time)

adj. = adjective

adv = adverb

conj = conjunction

interj = interjection

modif = modifier (adjective or adverb)

n = noun

prep = preposition

pron = pronoun

Gramatical information abbreviations (read all each time)

comp = compound

compar = comparative

compl = cozmplement

dem = demonstrative

der = derivation

imp = imperative

ind = indicative

intr = intransitive

irreg = irregular

m = masculine

pa. t. = past tense

poss. = possesive

pl. = plural

pref = prefix

refl = reflexive

sing. = singular

subj. = subjective

superl = superlative

trans. = transitive

Usage and Etymology Abbreviations

Amer = American

Bef = before

Brit = british

c./cent = century

ca. = circa (approximate date)

cf = confer (compare to another word)

colloq = colloquial

def. = definition

dial. = dialect

etym = etymology

euphem = euphemism (different that saying a swear word like crud instead of crap)

fig = figuratively

Gr. = greek

Heb. = hebrew

Lat. = Latin

lit = literally

obs = obsolete

opp = opposite

phr = phrase

poet = poetic

q.v. = quod vide (like cf.)

rel = related to

rev = revisded

sp. = spelling

unkn = unknown

var = variant of

wd = word

What is the APA citing format typically used for?

Writers in disciplines as diverse as astrophysics, biology ,physiology

What types of papers should include an abstract?

papers that include a hypothesis

In APA style, book and article titles are formatted in?

sentence case, not title case

sentence case means that only the first word is capitalized,a long with any proper nouns, every word int he titles of books and stuff are not capitalized just the first word in the sentence