Foundational Documents To Know for AP AP Gov (copy)

What is the main argument of Federalist 10 by James Madison?

Advocates for a large republic to manage the dangers of factions effectively and argues that a diverse republic dilutes the power of any single faction.

What does Brutus I warn about?

It cautions against ratifying the Constitution, arguing that a powerful centralized government threatens personal liberties.

What rights does the Declaration of Independence assert?

It asserts that all individuals possess inalienable rights—Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.

What were the main weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

It created a weak central government without the power to tax, leading to difficulties in governance.

What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

To ensure the protection of individual liberties and outline the rights of citizens.

What is the significance of Federalist 51?

It advocates for separation of powers to prevent government overreach and maintain a balance among legislative authority.

What does Federalist 70 argue about the executive branch?

It defends the need for a single, strong executive to ensure efficient governance and accountability.

What is judicial review according to Marbury v. Madison?

It is the principle that empowers the judiciary to strike down laws or actions that violate the Constitution.

What was established by McCulloch v. Maryland?

It affirmed federal supremacy and recognized implied powers under the Elastic Clause.

What did Schenck v. United States determine about free speech?

It established the 'clear and present danger' test, limiting free speech during wartime.

What was the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education?

It declared that 'separate but equal' educational facilities are inherently unequal, ending racial segregation.

What did Baker v. Carr establish about redistricting?

It enabled federal courts to intervene in redistricting cases, establishing the 'one person, one vote' principle.

What was the outcome of Engel v. Vitale regarding school prayer?

It prohibited school-sponsored prayer, reinforcing the separation of church and state.

What does Gideon v. Wainwright guarantee?

It guarantees the right to legal counsel in criminal cases for defendants who cannot afford an attorney.

What did Tinker v. Des Moines protect?

It protected student free speech in schools, as long as it does not cause substantial disruption.

What significance did New York Times Co. v. US have for press freedom?

It strengthened freedom of the press by ruling that prior restraint is unconstitutional unless there is an imminent threat.

What was the outcome of Roe v. Wade?

It legalized abortion under the right to privacy, establishing a framework for balancing a woman's rights with state interests.

What did Shaw v. Reno address?

It addressed racial gerrymandering, prohibiting redistricting plans that violate the Equal Protection Clause.

What was established by Citizens United v. FEC?

It expanded corporate political spending rights, asserting that political spending is a form of protected speech.

What did McDonald v. Chicago incorporate?

It incorporated the Second Amendment to state governments, ensuring the right to bear arms is protected at all levels.