mycology 2

Trichophyton rubrum best described as

Has become the most common and widely distributed dermatophyte of humans. It frequently causes chronic infections of skin, nails and rarely scalp.

Long filaments that make up molds.

Hyphae.

Blastomycosis best described as

A chronic granulomatous and suppurative disease having a primary pulmonary stage.

Ascomycota best described as

Common molds - asexual reproduction by conidia.

Mycelium concerned with obtaining nutrients.

Vegetative mycelium.

Multicelled condiospores are called

Macroconidia

Unicellular conidiospores are called microconidia.

true

Sporangiospores are formed at the end of an aerial hyphae.

true

Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes best described as

A wide range of animal hosts including mice, guinea pigs, kangaroos, cats, horses, sheep and rabbits. Produces inflammatory skin or scalp lesions in humans, particularly in rural workers.

What is the most common diagnostic method for Coccidioidomycosis?

Testing for IgM and IgG antibodies

Chlamydospores are

thick walled spores formed within a hyphae.

Grocott's methenamine silver (GMS) stain reacts with fungal cell wall polysaccharides.

true

Conidiospores are

produced in a chain at the end of a conidiophore.

Microsporum nanum best described as

A zoophilic fungus frequently causing chronic non-inflammatory lesions in pigs and a rare cause of tinea in humans.

Zygospores are

large spores enclosed in a thick wall and formed from the fusion of two cells.

Microsporum ferrugineum best described as

An anthropophilic fungus causing epidemic juvenile tinea capitis in humans.

Fungi capable of growing as a yeast or a mold are known as?

Dimorphic.

Which of the following is considered the hallmark diagnostic feature required for the identification of Chromoblastomycosis in a patient sample?

Detection of microscopic sclerotic bodies, also known as copper pennies

Chromoblastomycosis is most commonly associated with which mode of transmission and geographic distribution?

Traumatic implantation of the fungus, frequently in tropical areas

Thrush is an infection of the mouth and throat.

true

Yeast reproduce by?

Budding.

Trichophyton equinum best described as

Causing equine ringworm and rare infections in humans. Most strains require nicotinic acid for growth.

Which characteristic feature is commonly used to identify Cryptococcus neoformans in clinical samples, such as those from patients with cryptococcal meningitis, when using India ink staining?

The formation of a prominent, visible polysaccharide capsule

Aspergillosis - mycotoxicosis best described as

Due to ingestion of contaminated foods. Ingestion of mycotoxin.

Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum best described as

Cause of "mouse favus" seen on mice as thick saucer-shaped yellow crusted lesions called scutula. Infections in humans are usually inflammatory and sometimes produce scutula.

Microsporum gypseum best described as

May cause infections in animals and humans, particularly children and rural workers during warm humid weather. Usually produces a single inflammatory skin or scalp lesion.

Mucormycosis, a type of zygomycosis, and can be best described as:

Caused by Rhizopus or Mucor in patients with ketoacidosis.

Microsporum audouinii best described as

Non-inflammatory infections of scalp and skin especially in children.

Epidermophyton floccosum best described as

Ringworm, athlete's foot and jock itch.

Tinea capitis is a ringworm scalp infection while tinea corporis is a ringworm skin infection.

true

Cutaneous mycoses best described as

Ringworm.

Microsporum canis best described as

A frequent cause of ringworm in humans, especially children. Invades hair, skin and rarely nails.

Trichophyton schoenleinii best described as

Fungus causing favus in humans which is a chronic, scarring form of tinea capitis characterized by saucer-shaped crusted lesions or scutula and permanent hair loss.

Mycelium concerned with reproduction.

Aerial mycelium.

Candidiasis best described as

Caused by Candida albicans.

Which is not a characteristic of subcutaneous mycoses.

Secondary bacterial infectious are required.

Tinea unquium best described as

Infection of the nails.

Which of the following best describes the fungi?

Chemo-heterotrophs.

Dermatophytes all digest keratin.

true

Hyphomycetes best described as

Common molds - asexual reproduction by conidia.

The fungi are most closely related to the

Animals

Any fungal infection is called a mycosis.

true

Arthrospores are.

formed by the fragmentation of septate hyphae.

Tinea pedis best described as

Athlete's foot.

Trichophyton concentricum best described as

Causes chronic widespread non-inflammatory tinea corporis known as tinea imbricata because of the concentric rings of scaling it produces.

All of the following are true of the Zygomycota except?

Have asexual zygospores.

What is the primary mode of transmission for Coccidioidomycosis?

Inhalation of arthroconidia fragments

Trichophyton tonsurans best described as

Anthropophillic fungus causing inflammatory or chronic non-inflammatory finely scaling lesions of skin, nails and scalp.

Which of the following is not normally used to identify molds in the lab?

Requirement for oxygen.

Aspergillosis best described as

Caused by inhalation of Aspergillus spores.

histoplasmosis is

ascomycota dimorphic

t/f histoplasma can exist as a yeast and a mold

true

histoplasmosis is considered to be a BLANK infection

intracellular

histoplasma affect what system

reticuloendothelial system (RES)

RES is part of which body system

circulatory

what is the function of the RES system

to filter pathogens

what percent of histoplasmic infections are benign

95

t/f histoplamic infections are very difficult for the body to eradicate and often take a long tme

false

t/f the body is able to clear histoplasmotic infections very quickly

true

t/f h capsulatum is only endemic to south africa

false

what type of environment does H capsulatum prefer

warm and humid

t/f h capsulatum is world wide

true

which of the following is not a prime region for h capsulatum

southeast europe

t/f h capsulatum comes from contaminated bat and mice feces

true

at what temperature do histoplasmosis infections turn into yeast form

37c

t/f histoplasmosis infections are contagious

false

t/f histoplasmotic infections spread through inhaling filaments

true

what does PML stand for?

polymorphonuclear leukocytes

h capsulatum will trigger all of the following WBC except

neutrophils

who was the researcher who famously got infected iwth h capuslatum

howard carter

who is most at risk to get h capsulaum

aids patients

what percentage of the us population has aids

2-5

what is this

ulcerated gums from h capsulatum

h capsulatum can look like what other infection

pneumonia

how did howard carter contract h capsulautm?

1992 when examining a tomb

t/f h capsulatum can cause granulomas

true

how is h capsulatum identified?

enzyme immunoassay

who is the target of lobomycosis

dolphins

lobomycosis is a

dimorphic yeast

what is the most common lobomycosis fungi

paracoccidioides loboi

where is the preferred region of p loboi

tropical central/south america

p loboi is known as what

string of pearls

what

p loboi

how can humans contract lobomycoses

aquatic trauma

how long can you ahve lobomycoses

40+ years

t/f lobomycoses lesions are extremely painful with smelly discharge

false

what are not the 3 factors causing dandruff

skin skin contact

malassezia is a

basidiomycota yeast

what is the most common species of malassezia

m globosa

malassezia is identified by all of the following except

color of flakes

t/f malassezia will convert sebum triglycerate into fatty acids

false

t/f malassezia will convert sebum triglyceride into fatty acids

true

how do you treat the malassezia infection

selenium sulfate

how do you treat the excessive malassezia lipids?

sebum suppressions

how do you treat hyperproliferations

coal tar

how to not treat dandruff flakes?

coal tar

t/f malassezia can be opportunistic superficial

true

folliculitis

hair follicle infection

which speices of malassezia cannot cause pityariasis versicolor

m pachydermatis

who is the target of m pachydermatis

dogs