Type Ch 13, 15& 16 & Proofreaders' Marks + Fonts

When Setting a Divider Head in Type

1. Space above, NOT below the head. 2. No Paragraph indent after 3. Write to fit on one line.

How are titles set?

In italic.

When be aware of rivers?

In Justified copy.

Justified copy

Copy that's flush on left and right.

Rivers

Large word spaces aligning vertically in text.

Why are Rivers in Justified copy?

Space from end of each line are spread over word spaces.

Why do readers re-read the same line?

The leading is too tight.

Four options for aligning type

Flush left, Flush right, Centered, or Justified.

Easiest alignment of type to read

Flush left.

Flush Left type

Easiest to read; we're accustomed to it, line beginning is consistent.

Tracking of text type

Global kerning of text type.

Leading between lines

Allows reader to get to left margin to start next line.

Get to know a few fonts well

When you know a few fonts, you learn to use them well.

Running Headers

Small type at top of each page; left page has title of book, right has chapter name.

Running Footers

Small type at the bottom of each page; often hold Folio and Dateline.

Dateline

Type with name of publication, month and year.

Folio

Page number.

Typographic Hierarchy

Order in which we see and read the type on the page.

Standfirst

Fiirst line or two is set larger than the text type.

Initial Cap

First character is enlarged for emphasis.

Pull Quote

Line from article is repeated large to attract reader.

Subhead or Deck

Type that's smaller than the Headline.

Headline

Largest, main type to be read first

Limiting the fonts in a publication?

Use a Serif and a Sans Serif family.

Dingbats and Flourishes?

Small ornate typographic elements to add decoration.

Runovers after Bullets should be set

Flush with type next to the Bullet.

Use Bullets

Items that don't need to be numbered.

Callouts

Bold terms followed by a definition.

When setting a form that needs to be filled in?

At least 20 points of leading to allow room for writing.

Divider Heads

One-line heads within text to break it into sections.

Caption

Copy that describe the photo.

Photo Credit

Name of the photographer or illustrator.

Author Byline

Name of author who wrote the article.

Credit

4-6 point all caps sans serif

Credit Line

Name of illustrator or photographer

Sidebars

Information related to main article, goes at side or bottom.

Head Space

Margin at the top of page.

Foot Space

Margin at the bottom of page.

Thumb Space

Outer margins where we hold a book.

Gutter

Central margin where pages are bound.

Alley

Space between columns of type.

Facing Pages

Two pages with mirror image margins; with a thin gutter create a unified spread.

Non-Facing Pages

Two pages whose margins are the same regardless of which side of the spread they are on; DO NOT create a unified spread

Contrast of Style

Roman vs. Italic

Contrast of Weight

Light vs. Bold

Contrast of Structure

Serif vs. Sans Serif

Contrast of Case

Uppercase vs. Lowercase

Contrast of Width

Condensed vs. Extended

Mix & Match

Serif and a Sans Serif Family of fonts in a publication.

Reverse a Character

Reverse a character out of a shape.

Add to a Character

Add a visual element to a character like horns, leaves, etc

Replace a Character

Replace letter with a hand or a standing figure.

Image Overlap

Allow an image to overlap the type.

Vary Leading

Arrange lines to show movement or speeding of time.

Vary Format Shape

Design using a circle or diamond instead of a rectangle.

Using Rules & Dingbats

Small flourishes added to add ornamentation.

Vary Type Sizes

Use dramatic scale differences.

Break from Perpendicular

Allow the alley between columns of type to be serpentine

Using White Space

Allow space to take up a significant part of the layout.

Textured Type

Fill type with a texture of water or stones or stars.

Active Type

Type on a path that appears to move

Expressive Type

Type looks appropriately rough, aged or textured.

Integrate Image into Type

Allow part of the image to overlap the type.

Large Letterform as Image

One large letter as the dominant design.

Abstracted Letterforms

Use hand lettering or computer to change the look of letters.

Fill in a Counter

Use an image to fill the counter of a letter.

Hand lettered Type

Can fit any shape or space; customized to the layout.

Untraditional Layout Shape

Try a layout in a fan shape, or an umbrella shape.

Vary Alignment

Run text on a path or an angle, break from the expected.

Hand Rendered Type

Handcrafted, gives vintage feel.

Type as Illustration

Mix unusual fonts, use unexpected font for one word or letter.

Interpretive Type

Type SHOWS what it is saying by getting larger or smaller or bolder, or drippy.

Drop Shadow Fonts

Only drop shadow thicker typefaces

Engraved Type

Fill engraved type to distinguish it from the background.

Outline Type

Fill outline type with a color to separate from background.

Americana

American Typewriter

Avant Garde

Balmoral

Baskerville

Belwe

Benguiat

Bellevue

Berkeley

Bernhard Modern

Berthold

Bodoni

Bookman

Caslon 540

Centennial

Legibility

Design of the typeface, the length of ascenders and descenders, terminals, the x-height, etc.

Readability

Point size, leading, line length, font, font color, etc

Readability

Determined by the layout designer

Denotation

Definition of the font, the technical details, x-height, stroke width, bracketing, serifs, character shape, etc.

Connotation

Associations we have of the font based on the way it looks

Resonance

Cultural associations and historic references based on where when you're born.

Legibility

Determined by typeface designer

Line Length

The longer the line length, the wider the leading needs to be.

Which affects readability more, Increased leading or increased point size?

Increased Leading.

How are titles of full works such as books, scripts, names of newspapers set in text?

In italic