Physical Education Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from the PE notes, including social/emotional objectives, health and skill related components, FITT principles, and heart rate calculations.

Social development (in PE)

Improvement of social skills through participation in physical activities, including cooperation, fair play, sportsmanship, teamwork, and leadership; benefits future professional life.

Emotional development (in PE)

Development of desirable attitudes and emotion management through physical activities; helps handle losses, disappointment, and fosters leadership.

Holistic development

Comprehensive growth of physical, mental, emotional, and social aspects through physical education.

Body composition

Relative proportion of body fat and lean mass (muscle, bone, organs, tissues).

Flexibility

Ability to move joints and use muscles through their full range of motion.

Muscular strength

Maximum force a muscle or muscle group can produce in a single effort.

Muscular endurance

Ability of a muscle or muscle group to sustain repeated contractions over time.

Cardio-respiratory endurance

Ability of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs to deliver oxygen and nutrients to working muscles over sustained periods.

Agility

Ability to rapidly change direction and position of the body while maintaining speed.

Balance

Capacity to maintain equilibrium while stationary or moving.

Power

Ability to contract muscles with speed and force in a single explosive action; product of strength and speed.

Reaction time

Time elapsed between a stimulus and the body’s response; shorter times provide advantages in sports.

Coordination

Ability to execute a sequence of movements smoothly; integration of hand/foot movements with senses.

FITT principle

Guidelines for exercise planning: Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type; used to structure training programs.

Frequency (F) in FITT

How often workouts are performed; most programs aim for at least 3 sessions per week with rest of 36–48 hours.

Intensity (I) in FITT

How hard the exercise is; can be estimated with target heart rate ranges using the Karvonen formula.

Time (T) in FITT

Duration of each exercise session; depends on intensity and activity type and fitness level.

Type (T) in FITT

Kind of activity or exercise chosen to achieve fitness goals (e.g., brisk walking, jogging, swimming, cycling).

Target Heart Rate (THR)

Heart rate range corresponding to the desired exercise intensity, calculated using MHR, RHR, and HRR.

Maximum Heart Rate (MHR)

Estimated highest heart rate during maximal effort; commonly MHR = 220 minus age.

Resting Heart Rate (RHR)

Heart rate measured at rest, usually after waking; counted over one minute.

Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)

Difference between MHR and RHR; used in Karvonen formula to tailor THR.

Karvonen formula

Method to calculate THR: THR = RHR + (HRR × intensity); uses MHR, RHR, and HRR.

Lower THR (60 percent)

Lower bound of THR: THR lower = HRR × 0.60 + RHR.

Upper THR (80 percent)

Upper bound of THR: THR upper = HRR × 0.80 + RHR.

Example THR calculation

Illustrative calculation showing RHR, MHR, HRR, and THR lower/upper for a given age and resting rate.

MHR estimation example: 220 minus age

Common method for estimating maximum heart rate: MHR = 220 − age.