Unit 1 Thinking Geographically Vocabulary

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Geography

54 Terms

1

reference Maps

A map that shows geographic locations on Earth's surface, such as the locations of cities or oceans.

<p>A map that shows geographic locations on Earth&apos;s surface, such as the locations of cities or oceans.</p>
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2

physical map

A graphical representation of physical locations of landmarks or markers.

<p>A graphical representation of physical locations of landmarks or markers.</p>
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3

political map

A map that shows the spatial organization of the countries and territories on the entire globe at a given point in time.

<p>A map that shows the spatial organization of the countries and territories on the entire globe at a given point in time.</p>
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4

thematic maps

A map that emphasizes the spatial patterns of geographic statistics or attributes, and sometimes the relationships between them.

<p>A map that emphasizes the spatial patterns of geographic statistics or attributes, and sometimes the relationships between them.</p>
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5

cartogram

A map that distorts the geographic shape of an area in order to show the size of a specific variable; the larger the area this map, the larger the value of the underlying variable.

<p>A map that distorts the geographic shape of an area in order to show the size of a specific variable; the larger the area this map, the larger the value of the underlying variable.</p>
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6

choropleth map

A thematic map that shows data aggregated for a specific geographic area, often using different colors to represent different values.

<p>A thematic map that shows data aggregated for a specific geographic area, often using different colors to represent different values.</p>
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7

dot density map

A map that uses dots to represent objects or counts; the dot can represent one object (a one-to-one dot density map) or it can represent a number of objects (a one-to-many dot density map).

<p>A map that uses dots to represent objects or counts; the dot can represent one object (a one-to-one dot density map) or it can represent a number of objects (a one-to-many dot density map).</p>
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8

graduated symbols map (proportional)

A type of thematic map that uses map symbols that vary in size to represent a quantitative variable.

<p>A type of thematic map that uses map symbols that vary in size to represent a quantitative variable.</p>
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9

symbols map

A map that uses symbols (such as circles or dots) of different sizes to represent numerical values.

<p>A map that uses symbols (such as circles or dots) of different sizes to represent numerical values.</p>
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10

mental map

A personal representation of a portion of Earth's surface.

<p>A personal representation of a portion of Earth&apos;s surface.</p>
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11

cylindrical map

A map projection in which the surface features of a globe are depicted as if projected onto a cylinder typically positioned with the globe centered horizontally inside the cylinder.

<p>A map projection in which the surface features of a globe are depicted as if projected onto a cylinder typically positioned with the globe centered horizontally inside the cylinder.</p>
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12

conic map

A map projection in which the surface features of a globe are depicted as if projected onto a cone typically positioned so as to rest on the globe along a parallel (a line of equal latitude).

<p>A map projection in which the surface features of a globe are depicted as if projected onto a cone typically positioned so as to rest on the globe along a parallel (a line of equal latitude).</p>
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13

Planar/Azimuthal map

A map projection that transforms points from a spheroid or sphere onto a tangent or secant plane.

<p>A map projection that transforms points from a spheroid or sphere onto a tangent or secant plane.</p>
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14

Oval map

A map projection used for world maps largely in the late 16th and early 17th century. It is neither conformal nor equal-area but instead offers a compromise presentation.

<p>A map projection used for world maps largely in the late 16th and early 17th century. It is neither conformal nor equal-area but instead offers a compromise presentation.</p>
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15

Isoline map

On a map, a line that connects or links different places that share a common or equal value, such as elevation.

<p>On a map, a line that connects or links different places that share a common or equal value, such as elevation.</p>
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16

absolute distance

The distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length, such as a foot, yard, mile, or kilometer.

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17

relative distance

A measurement of the level of social, cultural, or economic similarity between places despite their absolute distance from each other.

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18

absolute direction

Corresponds to the direction on a compass: north south, east, and west and combinations such as northeast and southwest.

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19

relative direction

A direction that can be described as position, such as in front of or behind, to the left or to the right.

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20

spatial pattern

The placement or arrangement of objects on Earth's surface; also includes the space between those objects.

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21

clustering

The method of grouping a set of spatial objects into groups called "clusters".

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22

dispersal (distribution)

The arrangement of a phenomenon across the Earth's surface and a graphical display of such an arrangement is an important tool in geographical and environmental statistics.

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23

Elevation

Distance above sea level.

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24

Geospatial technology

Discipline concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of geographic data or geographic information.

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25

Geography data

Data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth.

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26

GIS(geographic information system)

A software application for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface; allows the rapid manipulation of geospatial data for problem-solving and research.

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27

Satellite navigation systems

A system that uses satellites to provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning.

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28

Remote sensing

The scanning of Earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft in order to obtain information about it.

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29

Scale of Analysis

Patterns and processes at different scales that reveal variations in, and different interpretations of, data.

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30

absolute location

A precise position on Earth's surface.

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31

relative location

The position of one place (or person) in relation to the position of another place (or person).

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32

space (geography)

The areas we occupy as humans; it has no value until the people who occupy make it their own.

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33

place

How we modify space based on who we are as a group of people.

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34

pattern

The geometric or regular arrangement of something in an area.

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35

human-environment interaction

The effect that humans have on their environment and the effect that the environment has on humans.

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36

distance decay

The interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases.

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37

time-space compression

The decreasing distance between places, as measured by travel time or cost; often summarized by the phrase "the world is shrinking".

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38

time-space convergence

The decline in travel time between geographical locations as a result of transportation, communication, and related technological and social innovations.

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39

movement (geography)

Mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the surface of the Earth. Region.

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40

Globalization

The process by which businesses and other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

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41

network

A set of interconnected nodes without a center.

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42

Sustainability

The group of practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.

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43

Economic

The total value of goods and services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year.

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44

Social

It may include wealth, religion, family size, and structure, education level, population density, etc.

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45

Environmental

A natural resource is considered a renewable resource if nature can reproduce it within a human lifetime.

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46

Natural resource

Materials or substances that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain.

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47

Environmental determinism

The belief that the physical environment is the dominant force shaping cultures and that humanity is a passive product of its physical surroundings.

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48

Possibilism

The belief that any physical environment offers a number of possible ways for a society to develop and that humans can find ways to overcome environmental challenges.

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49

Region

A geographical unit based on one or more common characteristics or functions.

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50

Regionalism

Describing an area in terms of its individual characteristics, such as a shared language or cultural identity, that make that place unique.

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51

Formal/uniform

A geographical area inhabited by people who have one or more traits in common.

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52

Functional/Nodal

A geographic area that has been organized to function politically, socially, culturally, or economically as one unit.

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53

Perceptual/vernacular

A geographic area that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants, based on the widespread acceptance and use of a unique regional name.

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54

Regional boundaries

Transitional and often contested and overlapping boundaries.

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