Abdominal Viscera

RUQ

Give the quadrant where you can find the majority of the liver (just quadrant abbreviation)

LUQ

Give the quadrant where you can find the stomach and spleen, and pancreas (just quadrant abbreviation)

RLQ

Give the quadrant where you can find the appendix

upper (quadrants)

Are the kidneys found in the upper or lower quadrants?

lower (quadrants)

Are the structures associated with the reproductive organs found in the upper or lower quadrants?

RLQ

Which quadrant can the cecum be found? (just quadrant abbrev.)

peritoneum

The covering of the abdominal cavity is known as the _______

double visceral layer

The greater omentum is special in its folds because it has what?

greater curvature of the stomach

What does the greater omentum hang off of?

pelvis

What structure is typically the lower limit of the peritoneum?

transverse colon, spleen, diaphragm

Name the 3 other structures that the greater omentum touches/attaches to other than the stomach

lesser curvature of stomach (and duodenum) to liver

The lesser omentum primarily connects what two structures?

mesentery

Name the structure that helps anchor the small intestines to the posterior abdominal wall

mesentery proper

What is the name of the more central structure than the mesentery that anchors the small intestine directly to the post. abd. wall

mesocolon

Name the structure that helps anchor the colon to the post. abd. wall

head, body, tail

The pancreas is composed of more than one segment. Name all of them in order starting with the head.

superior, descending, inferior, ascending

The duodenum is composed of more than 1 segment. Name all of them starting from the beginning.

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

The colon is composed of more than one segment. Name all of them.

ascending, descending

Name the segment(s) of the colon that are retroperitoneal. Give comma-separated list if >1 segment

(the) tail

Which part of the pancreas is NOT retroperitoneal?

descending, inferior

Which section(s) of the duodenum are retroperitoneal? Give the true name(s), not the numbers.

falciform (ligament)

Name the ligament responsible for connecting the liver to the ant. abd. wall and serves as a landmark separating the L/R lobes of liver

hepatogastric (ligament)

This ligament is the membranous portion of the lesser omentum

hepatoduodenal (ligament)

This ligament is responsible for the free edge of the lesser omentum and is anterior to/houses the portal triad

No (!!!!!!!)

Is the hepatic vein part of the portal triad?

Yes (!!!)

Is the portal vein part of the portal triad?

portal vein, hepatic artery, common bile duct

Name the components of the portal triad

hepatorenal (ligament)

These ligaments connect the liver to capsules surrounding the kidneys

gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, gastrocolic

Name the three ligaments that come off the greater curve of the stomach and are part of the greater omentum (don't write the word ligament)

gastrophrenic (ligament)

This ligament comes off the stomach and attaches to the inferior diaphragm

gastrosplenic (ligament)

This ligament comes off the stomach and covers the hilum of the spleen

gastrocolic (ligament)

This ligament connects the stomach to the transverse colon

caval, portal

Name the 2 systems of venous blood

greater sac

The main subdivision of the peritoneal cavity is referred to as the _________

omental bursa, lesser sac

The smaller subdivision of the peritoneal cavity is known as the__________ (2 names)

omental foramen, epiploic foramen, foramen of winslow

The opening to the omental bursa is known by 3 names. Give all 3.

hepatoduodenal ligament

Give the anterior boundary of the epiploic foramen

IVC, right crus of diaphragm

Give the posterior boundary of the omental foramen

(the) liver

Give the superior boundary of the foramen on Winslow

superior duodenum

Give the inferior boundary of the epiploic foramen

3

How many layers of smooth muscle does the stomach have? Give number

2

How many layers of smooth muscle does the small intestine have? Give number

peristalsis

The wavelike smooth contraction of smooth muscles allowing food to pass through the digestive tract is known as ___________

duodenum

What structure comes immediately after the stomach in the digestive tract?

chewing

Mastication refers to ________

swallowing

Deglutition refers to ______

alimentary tract, gastrointestinal tract

Give all the names for the pathway extending from the mouth to anus and actually involves organs that touch the food

accessory organs

What are the organs that often assist in digestion, but do not actually touch the food called?

liver

Name the largest internal organ in the human body

skin

Name the largest organ in the human body

falciform ligament

What structure separates the L/R lobes of liver and anchors the liver to the ant. abd. wall?

quadrate lobe (4 sides)

Name the lobe located next to the gall bladder, is on the posteroinferior portion of the liver.

caudate lobe

Name the lobe on the posterior side of the liver next to the IVC and the ligamentum venosum

ligamentum teres hepatis

Identify this remnant of the umbilical vein

ligamentum venosum

Name the liver ligament that is a remnant of the ductus venosus

coronary ligament(s)

Identify

triangular ligament

Identify

parietal peritoneum

The coronary ligaments and triangular ligaments are made up of which structure?

No (!!!!)

Does the gall bladder produce bile?

posteroinferiorly

Where is the gall bladder located in relation to the liver?

superior surface, no peritoneum

Where on the liver (superior surface, inferior surface, lateral surfaces, etc.) is the bare area of the liver? What does that mean?

(to) store bile

What is the function of the gall bladder?

99

What percentage of cells in the pancreas are dedicated to exocrine "tasks"? Just give a number

1

What percentage of cells in the pancreas are dedicated to endocrine "tasks"? Just give a number

glucagon, insulin

What hormones are secreted directly to the blood from the pancreas (exocrine) ?

main pancreatic duct, accessory pancreatic duct

Name the ducts for secretion from the pancreas.

duct of wirsung

Give the eponym for the main pancreatic duct

duct of Santorini

Give the eponym for the accessory pancreatic duct

right hepatic duct, left hepatic duct

The biliary tree starts with bile being fed into the ______

common hepatic duct

In the biliary tree, the L/R hepatic ducts combine to form the __________

No (!!)

Is the common hepatic duct part of the portal triad?

cystic duct

From the common hepatic duct, if the bile were to take an abrupt turn toward the gall bladder, then what part of the biliary tree would the bile be in?

common bile duct

From the common hepatic duct, if I were to continue straight, what part of the biliary tree would I be in?

cholecystectomy

Removal of the gall bladder is known as a __________

main pancreatic duct

What joins the common bile duct "prior to" the duodenum?

hepatopancreatic ampulla and sphincter

What are the names of the two structures where the common bile duct/main pancreatic duct meet? don't give eponyms here.

ampulla of Vater

Give the eponym for the hepatopancreatic ampulla

sphincter of Oddi

Give the eponym of the hepatopancreatic sphincter

chyme

What is a bolus turned into in the stomach?

cystic duct

Which structure in the biliary tree is known for having a spiral valve?

valve of heister

The spiral valve is known as the ________ (eponym).

(the) spleen

What organ helps recycle RBC's and helps provide immunity?

No, lymphatic (system)

Is the spleen a digestive organ? If not, what organ system?

1

How many inches thick is the spleen? Just give number.

3

What is the width of the spleen in inches? Just give number.

5

What is the length of the spleen in inches? Just give number.

7

What is the weight of the spleen in ounces? Just give number.

9-11

Which ribs is the spleen under? If you think it's five through 8, write "5-8"

No

Is the spleen something that can typically be sutured?

splenomegaly

Enlargement of the spleen is known as _________

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Name the layers of the alimentary canal from inside to outside

Forms the lumen

What does the mucosa do in the GI tract?

vasculature

What is the purpose of the submucosa in the GI tract?

inner circular, outer longitudinal

From deep to superficial, name the layers of muscle of the small intestine.

oblique, circular, longitudinal

From deep to superficial, name the layers of muscle of the stomach.

peritoneum

The serosa is formed from what structure?

villi

What are the finger like projections that increase the surface area of the GI tract called (particularly in sm. intestine)?

duodenal bulb

The enlargement at the top of the superior duodenum is known as the _____

cardia

The top of the region of the stomach is known as the _______

cardiac sphincter

What is the name of the sphincter in the upper stomach?