HISTORY2: ROMAN

portrait sculpture

this sculpture is a non-idealized version of people

Relief sculpture

known for its narrative value ; appeared on altars, arches and tombs

Sarcophagus

marble or limestone coffin with elaborate carving

Bust

sculpture of a person's head, shoulders, and chest. In roman sculpture, it is portrait bust more closely associated with funerary contexts

Roman fresco technique

a technique which involves painting directly on plaster wall

Buon fresco

(good or true fresco) painting on wet plaster

Fresco secco

It is a dry fresco

Mosaics

a pattern or picture made of many small colored pieces of stone, glass etc; sometimes in trompe l'oeil technique

Roman imperial art

encompassed a variety of style and scale; among the most impressive are those which honor the empire and the emperor

Equestrian monument

a statue of a rider on a horse

Triumphal arch

architectural monument built to commemorate military triumphs and other significant events such as the accession of a new emperor

Column of victory

a monument in the form of a column, erected in memory of a victorious battle, war, or revolution ; the column typically stands on a base and is crowned with a victory symbol, such as a statue

Composite

combination of ionic shaft and corinthian capital

Tuscan

a simplified version of the roman doric order to which it is similar, but has fewer and bolder moldings, unflutted columns, a plain frieze, and no trglyphs; its only decorative details are moldings

Forum

the counterpart of the agora in Roman Architecture, it is composed of temples, triumphal, arches, pillars of victories, roman basilica, senate and shops

Roman temple

temples that are frontal with stairs that lead up to a podium, and a deep portico filled with columns. They are also usually rectilinear, and interiors consists of atleast on cella that contained a cult statue

Podium

high platform upon which temple was raised

Cella

a room with no windows that usually housed the cult statue of the deity. equivalent to Naos

Domus

roman house of the middle class

Insulae

blocks of flats used as a shop and apartment

Villa

housed the upper-class romans

Roman Theater

has more impressive skene than the greek version. It is usually built on level ground. The orchestra became semi-circular

Amphitheater

smaller than the colloseum; it less emphasized decorative external orders so that the arches are the predominant features

Circus

long hairpin race course for chariot races; also called hippodrome

Aqueducts

large reservoirs or cisterns for lead pipes to transport water to towns

Tombs

pyramidal, temple shaped, coemetrian or subterranean vaults, monumental or sculture memorials

Basilica

building to house the roman court law court; eventually became a hall of justice and commercial exchange

Thermae

palatial public baths of imperial Rome portray the customs of the pleasure-loving populace

Ara pacis

a great marble monument constructed during the reign of Augustus

Dome

the diameter of the floor plan is equal to the height of this structure and has an oculus of the center to admit light

Oculus

the round central opening of a dome

Portico

a structure consisting of a roof supported by columns at regular intervals, typically attached as a porch to a building.

Colloseum

(arena) also called Flavian amphitheater , built for roman "games" ; features a combination of roman arch and vault construction. Its ecterior walls are 48 meters high

Peristylium/Peristyle

Courts surrounded by columns

Cubiculum

Roman Bedroom

Exedra

Roman Kitchen or Storage

Triclinia

Roman version of Andron where there are 3 Klines or Set of Klines

Atrium

Entrance of the house

Ala

Roman altar area

First Style

Style imitating colors and species of marble using frescoes

Second style

Style using Trompe l'oeil

Third Style

A combination of imitating species or marble and Trompe l'oeil

Fourth Style

A style with many composition

Cathedra

Roman version of a klismos in a larger scale

Monopodium

Roman table or Pedestal with one leg

Sigma

Semi circular reclining couch

Lectus

Roman bed or couch

Armaria

upright storage for armory

Biselium

a double chair or Settle

Curule

First chair or stool with cushion

Subsellium

Roman Bench