M3L4 - Therapeutic antibodies II

Fc receptor

This is a receptor bound to infected or damaged cells that stimulates programmed cell death

HER2

Growth factor receptor overexpressed on the surface of some cancer cells, notably in some breast cancers

Trastazumab

This is an antibody drug used in the treatment of HER2+ cancer which binds to the receptors’ domain IV

Pertuzumab

This is an antibody drug used in the treatment of HER2+ cancer which binds to the receptors’ domain II

Bispecific antibody

This is an antibody constructed using four genes to express different heavy and light-cahin componenents

Programmed cell death

This refers to apoptosis or autophagy as a result of internal factors or external stimulus

PD-1

This is a receptor which binds ligand and triggers programmed cell death

PD-L1

This is a ligand which binds to PD-1 and stimulates programmed cell death

Keytruda/pembrolizumab

This is an anti-PD-1 immune-checkpoint inhibitor used in cancer treatment

CTLA-4

This suppresses T-cell proliferation (notably in the lymph nodes) in the early immune response

High mutational burden

This is a characterisation of genetic mutation, defined as the number of non-inherited mutations per million bases

Belatacept

This is a fusion protein CTLA-4-Fc used to stop T-cell activation by blocking co-stimulation