Health 2023 Final

Health

The combination of physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being

Spiritual Health

a deep-seated sense of meaning and purpose in life

Wellness

an overall state of well-being or total health

Chronic Disease

an ongoing condition or illness

Heredity

all the traits that were biologically passed on to you from your parents

Environment

The sum of your surroundings

Peers

people of the same age who share similar interests

Culture

the collective beliefs, customs, and behaviors of a group

Media

various methods for communicating information

Technology

radio, television, and the internet

Risk behaviors

actions that can potentially threaten your health or the health of others

Cumulative risks

related risks that increase in effect with each added risk

Prevention

taking steps to keep something from happening or getting worse

Abstinence

a deliberate decision to avoid high-risk behaviors, including sexual activity and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs

Lifestyle factors

the personal habits or behaviors related to the way a person lives

Health education

providing accurate health information and teaching health skills to help people make healthy decisions

Healthy People 2020

a nationwide health promotion and disease prevention plan designed to serve as a guide for improving the health of all people in the United States

Health disparities

differences in health outcomes among groups

Health literacy

a person's capacity to learn about and understand basic health information and services, and to use these resources to promote one's health and well-being

Nutrition

The process by which your body takes in and uses food

Nutrients

Substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy

Calorie

A unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food

Hunger

the natural physical drive to eat, prompted by the body's need for food

Appetite

the psychological desire for food

Carbohydrates

the starches and sugars present in foods; provide your body's main source of energy

Fiber

A tough complex carbohydrate that the body cannot digest

Proteins

Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues

Dietary fats

composed of fatty acids, which are classified as either unsaturated or saturated; provide concentrated forms of energy for the body

Unsaturated fats

Found mostly in plant-based foods (vegetable oil, nuts, seeds); May lower your risk of heart disease

Saturated fats

Found mostly in animal-based foods such as meat and dairy products, also some plant oils (palm, coconut, palm kernel); May increase your risk of heart disease

Trans-fats

Hydrogenated oils; the extra hydrogen causes vegetable oil to become more saturated and harden

Cholesterol

A waxy, fat-like substance in your blood that can build up on the inside of arteries

Vitamins

Compounds found in food that help regulate many body processes

Minerals

Elements found in food that are used by the body; Ex: Calcium

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become fragile and break easily.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

a set of recommendations about smart eating and physical activity for all Americans

MyPlate

an interactive guide to healthful eating and active living

Nutrient-dense

foods that have a high ratio of nutrients to calories

Food additives

substances added to a food to produce a desired effect; ex. enhance shelf life

Foodborne illness

Illness caused by foods with pathogens or disease-causing organisms

Pastuerization

Treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens

Cross-contamination

the spreading of pathogens from one food to another

Food allergy

a condition in which the body's immune system reacts to substances in some foods

Food intolerance

a negative reaction to food that does not involve the immune system

Health skills

specific tools and strategies to maintain, protect, and improve all aspects of your health

Interpersonal communication

the exchange of thoughts, feelings, and beliefs between two or more people

Refusal skills

communication strategies that can help you say no when you are urged to take part in behaviors that are unsafe or unhealthful, or that go against your values

Conflict resolution

the process of ending a disagreement, struggle, or fight through cooperation and problem solving

Stress

the reaction of the body and mind to everyday challenges and demands

Stress management skills

skills that help you reduce and manage your stress

Advocacy

taking action to influence others to address a health-related concern or to support a health-related belief

Values

the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important, that help guide the way you live

Decision-making skills

steps that enable you to make a healthful decision

Goals

Those things you aim for that take planning and work

Short-term goal

a goal that you can reach in a short period of time

Long-term goal

a goal that you plan to reach over an extended period of time

Action plan

a multistep strategy to identify and achieve your goals

Metabolism

A process by which the body breaks down substances and gets energy from food

Body Mass Index (BMI)

a measure of body weight relative to height

Overweight

heavier than the standard weight range for your height

Obese

having an excess of body fat

Underweight

below the standard weight range for your height

Body image

the way you see your body

Fad diets

weight-loss plans that tend to be popular for only a short time

Weight cycling

a repeated pattern of losing and regaining body weight

Eating disorders

extreme, harmful eating behaviors that can cause serious illness or even death

Anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves

Bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder that involves cycles of overeating and purging, or attempts to rid the body of food

Binge eating disorder

an eating disorder in which people overeat compulsively

Vegetarian

a person who eats mostly or only plant-based foods

Dietary supplements

products that supply one or more nutrients as a supplement to, not a substitute for, healthful foods

Performance enhancers

substances that boost athletic ability

Herbal supplements

dietary supplements containing plant extracts

Megadoses

very large amounts of a consumed substance

Noncommunicable disease

a disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment

Cardiovascular disease

a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels

Hypertension

high blood pressure

Atherosclerosis

a disease characterized by the accumulation of plaque on artery walls

Arteriosclerosis

hardened arteries with reduced elasticity

Angina pectoris

chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen

Arrythmias

irregular heart beats

Stroke

an acute injury in which blood flow to the brain is interrupted

Myocardial infarction (MI)

Lack of oxygen to cardiac muscle tissue; often called a heart attack

Cancer

uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells

Tumor

an abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body

Benign

non-cancerous tumor

Malignant

Cancerous tumor that does not stay in one place

Metastasis

the spread of cancer from the point where it originated to other body parts

Carcinogen

A cancer-causing substance

Biopsy

The removal of a small piece of tissue for examination

Remission

When cancer treatment works and the cancer appears to be gone or under control; a period of time when symptoms disappear

Allergy

A specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently harmless substance

Histamines

Chemicals that can stimulate mucus and fluid production

Asthma

An inflammatory condition in which the small airways in the lungs become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing

Diabetes

A chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert sugar into energy

Autoimmune disease

A condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissues, and organs of a person's own body

Arthritis

A group of more than 100 different diseases that cause pain and loss of movement in the joints

Osteoarthritis

A disease of the joints in which cartilage breaks down

Rheumatoid arthritis

A disease characterized by the debilitating destruction of the joints due to inflammation

Sperm

the male gametes, or reproductive cells