Env. Sci. Unit 1 Test

a systematic process for learning about the world and testing our understanding of it

what is science

Science provides knowledge

Why is science important?

Healthcare, technology, agriculture/food supply

Science addresses societal needs such as

Environmentalism

Environmental Science is not the same as ____

an examination of how the Earth's natural systems function, how those systems affect people, and how we influence those systems

What is environmental science

environmentalism

a social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world from undesirable changes brought about by human actions

Observation, question, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis, conclusion

List the scientific method

hypothesis

a proposed explanation of an observation that cant be explained otherwise with available info

Never

Science ____ "proves" if an idea is correct

primary source

an original scientific research paper, usually in a journal

secondary source

an article or broadcast about the contents of a primary source produced by other than the original author

Lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere

list the Earth's Structural Spheres

lithosphere

rock and sedimentary layer of the Earth, the uppermost mantle and crust

hydrosphere

All the water on earth and plays an important role in weather patterns

atmosphere

The air surrounding the Earth, and regulates temp

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

layer of the earth's atmosphere

biosphere

all living organisms on the planet

life

bio means ____

emergent properties

the result of the interaction of increasing number of components at that level of organization

systems

Connected to each other and may exchange energy and matter

Feedback loops

Systems receive inputs, and processes these inputs, and then outputs something else

Positive or negative

feedback loops can be ____ or _____

negative feedback

resists change in systems, enhance stability, and keeps conditions within ranges beneficial to life

positive feedback

exerts destabilizing effects, push conditions to extremes, and threatens organisms adapted to the system's normal conditions

ecosystem

a functional system of complimentary relations between living organisms and their environment

organism, population, community, ecosystem

list the levels of organization

population

a group of organizations of the same species that live in the same area and can potentially interbreed

size, density, distribution, and age structure

list the characteristics of a population

birth, death, immigration, emigration, environmental changes, natural disasters, competition

list the factors that affect population size

community

a group of populations that live in the same area at the same time

habitat requirements, species interactions, species influence

characteristics of communities

species diversity, dominance and relative dominance, vegetive structure, trophic structure

list the structural properties of community

species diversity

the amount of different species there are in an ecosystem

dominant species

the species with the greatest impact on the biotic and abiotic community is considered the ________

Producers, consumers

list 2 types of trophic structure

producers

types of species that create food for themselves without preying on other organisms

autotroughs

plants are ______

Consumers

types of species that acquire nutrition by consuming other organisms

herbivores, carnivores, omnivores

list the types of consumers

photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration

list the 3 functions of plants

photosynthesis

the process of plants taking solar energy and converting it into chemical energy which is then stored in carbs to provide nutrients and form plant tissue

to provide nutrients to plants and turn solar energy into chemical energy

why is photosynthesis important?

Chlorophyll

the green pigment in plants that absorbs solar energy and gives plants their green color

leaves

____ are the primary site for photosynthesis

stomata

____ are the openings in leaf surfaces that allow gas exchange

6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

what is the equation for photosynthesis

Respiration

the release of stored energy by living cells as fuel for their life cycle of the plant

Oxidation reaction

the cycle where carbs are broken down using oxygen

transpiration

the evaporation of water from plants

gross primary production

the total amount of chemical energy produced by autotroughs

net primary production

the energy that remains after respiration that is used to create biomass

secondary production

the use of plant energy by higher level consumers to produce their own biomass

natural resourses

humans rely on ____

renewable resources, nonrenewable resources

list the 2 types of natural resources

renewable resources

resources that can be replenished or recovered in the span of a human generation

nonrenewable resource

resources in which there is a finite supply and once depleted can't be replenished or recovered in a human generation

sunlight, wind, plants, water, soil

what are examples of renewable resources

minerals, fossil fuels

what are examples of nonrenewable resources

exhaustible and inexhaustible

what are 2 types of renewable resources

exhaustible resources

renewable resources that can be used up if used too fast

inexhaustible resources

renewable resources that can never be used up

sunlight and wind

what are 2 examples of inexhaustible resources

ecosystem services

helpful processes in nature that are provided free of charge

purify water and air, cycle nutrients, regulate climate, pollinate plants, recycle our waste

list some examples of ecosystem services

Agriculture and industrial revolutions

what 2 big events are largely responsible for the huge population growth

Agriculture revolution

a period of time when humans began to domesticate plants and animals and increased food production

wheat, barley, and rye

what plant types are considered the "pioneer crops"

people were not as healthy, increase risk of famine, let protein intake

what are some negative effects of the agricultural revolution

dogs, sheep, goats, cows, and pigs

list some of the earliest domesticated animal

leather, wool, hides, fertilizer

animals provided more than just food it provided ____

10,000

Agricultural revolution began over ____ years ago

industrial revolution

a transitional period of the global economy from mid 1700s to mid 1800s

britain

the industrial revolution began in _____

textiles

____ was one of the first technological developments caused by the industrial revolution

cotton, linen, wool

what are types of textiles

Steam power and iron production

what are some other areas of technological developments

water, wind, and animals

before steam power _______ was the supply for power

decreased; increases

Iron production costs ____ while production _____

wooden

_____ parts were replaced by metal parts

child labor, increased slums, air pollution

list some negative effects of the industrial revolution

advancements, technology, healthcare

What are some benefits of science

to address societal needs

why do we need these benefits of science

abiotic and biotic

what are the 2 parts of an ecosystem

abiotic

non living parts of an ecosystem

biotic

living parts of an ecosystem

sunlight, water, carbon dioxide

what 3 things do plants need for photosynthesis

tree providing habitat to animals

give an example of emergent property

temp, water, nutrients

what are some factors that can makes plants use respiration instead of photosynthesis?