Biology Solutions, Osmosis, and Water Potential: Key Concepts for Students
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50 Terms
What is a solution in biology?
A. Homogeneous mix of solute + solvent
What is a solvent?
B. Medium that dissolves solute
What is a solute?
B. The substance dissolved
Define solvation.
A. Solute + solvent interaction
Why can water dissolve polar molecules?
A. Water has partial charges
What surrounds cations in water?
A. Oxygen atoms
What surrounds anions in water?
A. Hydrogen atoms
What are hydrophilic substances?
A. Dissolve in water
What are hydrophobic substances?
B. Repel water
Define osmolarity.
A. Solute per liter solution
What is isotonic?
A. Equal solute in/out
What is hypertonic?
A. Higher outside
What is hypotonic?
A. Lower outside
Define osmosis.
A. Passive water movement
Is osmosis active or passive?
B. Passive
Animal cells in hypotonic?
A. Swell and burst
Animal cells in hypertonic?
A. Shrink
Animal cells in isotonic?
A. Equilibrium
What prevents plant cells bursting?
A. Cell wall
What is turgor pressure?
A. Water pushes on wall
What is plasmolysis?
A. Shrink of cytoplasm
Flaccid plant cell?
A. Isotonic state
Define cytolysis.
A. Animal cell bursts
Define crenation.
A. Animal cell shrinks
Plant turgid
ATP formed
Role of contractile vacuole
Expel water
Define osmoregulation
Keep osmotic pressure constant
Why tissue fluid isotonic
Prevent harmful osmosis
Why 0.9% saline used
Same as plasma
Organ in hypertonic storage
Cells crenate
Organ in hypotonic storage
Cells burst
Why isotonic in transplant
No net osmosis
Units for water potential
kPa
Water potential of pure water
0 kPa
Formula water potential
Ψw=Ψs+Ψp
Solute potential when solute added
More negative
Pressure potential in plant cells
Positive
Pressure potential in xylem
Negative
Water moves which way
High to low potential
What is measured in potato osmosis
Mass change
Graph feature for isotonic point
Zero % mass change
Potato in hypotonic
Gain mass
Potato in hypertonic
Lose mass
Why use std deviation
Reliability
Error bars show
Variation
Plants vs animals in hypotonic
Plants turgid, animals burst
Plants vs animals in hypertonic
Plants plasmolyze, animals shrink
Dynamic equilibrium isotonic
Equal water in and out
Why is water universal solvent
Polarity + H bonds
Water property for capillary action
Cohesion + adhesion