relief of continents

4 types of reliefs

ancient massifs/shields, block mountains, young folded mountain system, plains

ancient massifs/shields def

large stabe block of the Earth’s crust which had been unaffected by mountain formations over long periods of geological time

2 types of ancient massif/shields

bare/exposed, covered, (mixed-most of them fall in this category)

bare/exposed ancient massif

the rocks can be seen on the surface, sedimentary layers didnt get there or were destroyed(ice), rich in iron, nickel, platinum

bare/exposed anient massif examples

canadian, Baltic

covered ancient massif

something sedimented on top(water overrun it, sand), rich in petroleum, natural gas, salts

covered ancient massif example

Arabian

block mountains

relatively old-Paleozoic, faulting is the most important shaping activity—>faulted landforms, usually “medium” mts, bc erosion, weathering and time, rounded forms

2 large block mountain systems

Caldonian mt system, Variscan mt system

caldonian mt system

scandinavian mt, mountains of scotland, mountains of the northern part of geographic Ireland, eastern coast line of greenland, northern part of the Appalachian mt(north of hudson river)

variscan mt system

pennine, massif central, german medium mountains(Harz, Schwarzwald), Rim mountains of the Bohemian Basin, Velence hills, Rodope mt, Ural mts, Great dividing Range, Drake mts, Sout Appalachian mts

young folded mountains where

plate boundaries, tectonically active areas

young folded mountains how

created by plate movements, folded landforms, glaciated forms(shaped by ice)-sharp ridges, high peaks, u shaped valleys, parallel ranges, avg height:3000-4000 meters

young folded mountains 2 systems

eurasian my system, pacific mt system

eurasian mt system

Atlas mountains, pyrenees, european alps, appenines, carpathians, dinaric alps, balkan mountains, rim mountains of Asia Minor, caucasus, rim mountains of the Iranian Basin, Himalayas

pacific mt system two branches

american and asian and aleutian islands connect them

pacific mt system american “branch”

North american cordilleras, andes

pacific mt system asian branch

Kamchatka, Kuril islands, Japan, ryuka islands, philippine islands

plains 2 types

imperfect and perfect plain

imperfect plain def

Regions or areas where the relative differences in height remains below 200 m per 1 km² and the slope angle should remain under 6/1000

perfect plain def

regions or areas where the relative difference in height remains below 30 m per km² and the slope angle remains under 6/1000

imperfect plain how

made through denundation

perfect plain how

made by filling up, sediments of rivers

imperfect plain example

eastern european plain

perfect plain example

mississippi plain, great plain of hungary, ganges plain, amazon basin, north china plain

plainland

when a plain is between 0-200m above the sea

plateau

when a plain is higher than 200m above the sea level eg:Tibetian plateau(2 millin km²), altiplano, bükk fennsík

lowland

when a plain is under sea level, eg: ¼ of Netherlands, Caspian depression