Corrections 13-18 Study Guide

Caucasians are underrepresented in executions

True

Rather than deter violent crime, the death penalty might ______.

increase it

What region has the most executions?

Southern

Darnell is an inmate on death row. He will be executed next week using the most common method of execution. How will he be executed?

lethal injection

In McClesky v. Kemp (1987), the Court held that ______.

Statistical data used to demonstrate disparities in the use of the death penalty were not sufficient evidence to invalidate its use.

Inmates who present with death row phenomenon or death row syndrome invite security risks for correctional staff because their psychiatric problems and aberrant behaviors tend to be more dangerous and problematic.

True

Compared to their proportions in the general population, Blacks are overrepresented on death row.

True

Most murderers on death row are well mannered and do not represent an institutional hazard.

True

Execution by lethal injection typically uses a combination of three drugs.

True

Jordan has been convicted of murder and sentenced to death and is trying to prove his innocence. According to the Martinez v. Ryan ruling, which of the following is true?

If Jordan can prove he had ineffective counsel during both the trial phase and the post-conviction phase, then the federal court can get involved.

What was the significance of Glossip v. Gross (2015) regarding the constitutionality of the death penalty?

Methods of implementing the death penalty are constitutional unless the convicted can demonstrate that the method causes more harm than other methods that are available.

James has experienced the harmful effects of death row conditions. He has been in solitary confinement for months, and he is so anxious about being executed. What is he is experiencing?

death row phenomenon

Jim is an inmate in the federal system who is about to be executed. Where will his execution take place?

USP Terre Haute

James has also developed a mental illness over time as a result of being on death row. What do you call this?

death row syndrome

Approximately fifty percent of states authorize lethal gas as a method of execution.

False

Approximately one-quarter of death penalty cases end in a plea bargain

False

The mayor of Miami is really concerned that there have been more homicides in the city recently. There have also been more executions. What could explain this?

brutalization hypothesis

What is the biggest problem associated with lethal injection?

The inmate’s veins often collapse

The prosecutorial death discretion outcome observes that prosecutors are overwhelmingly Caucasian and seek the death penalty disproportionately more often when the victim is also Caucasian.

True

The prison environment on death row takes a toll on the inmates and staff as well

True

An offender has been executed. What argument for the death penalty can you apply to this situation?

specific deterrence

The brutalization hypothesis puts holes in deterrence as a rationale for supporting the death penalty

True

Michael has been convicted and sentenced to be executed but is currently waiting for his execution to take place. How might he refer to this time?

being on death row

In Thompson v. Oklahoma (1988) the Court drew the line at age __ under which execution was not constitutionally permissible.

16

One of the biggest problems with using electrocution as a method of execution is that it takes many shocks to cause death.

True

Retribution is the same as revenge

False

Which offender would have the greatest likelihood of receiving the death penalty for their actions?

a black man who murdered a white woman

You are a judge deciding a case with a 17-year-old defendant who has killed both of his parents and his three siblings. He has been waived to adult court and you live in a state that permits capital punishment. You can sentence this defendant to death.

False

The _____ makes an independent recommendation to the attornery general regarding death penalty cases.

Attorney General’s Review Committee on Capital Cases

Kennedy v. Louisiana (2008) extended the Coker decision to crimes that involved child molestation or rape.

True

Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in the federal system, at least seventy-five people have been executed.

False

The ____ model demands that punishments match the degree of harm that criminals have inflicted on their victims.

Just deserts

What is true about the number of offenders on death row?

They constitute a very low number of people under correctional supervision

When using lethal gas as a method of execution, what kind of pellets produce the lethal gas?

cyanide

Mark is a defendant who is being tried for a capital case. What should he expect about his trial?

His case can only be tried by a jury according to the constitution

Research and evaluation ______.

is a critical part of correctional programs

You are a warden at a prison in your state, which houses a good percentage of elderly inmates. These inmates are expensive and do not pose a threat to society. You have been working with appropriate parties to determine a solution to dealing with elderly inmates. What is the best option?

Release them under community supervision once they turn sixty (excluding pedophiles).

What is the difference between silver and bronze research support with iron research support?

Silver and bronze research support are a higher level than iron research support

The Department of Corrections (DOC) in California is looking to assess the effectiveness of its parole system. Which scenario utilizes the Justice Reinvestment Initiative perspective?

The DOC would analyze data regarding parole board decisions, examine the policies and procedures involved in parole, and then measure the success of the parole system by looking at outcomes for those on parole.

Follow-up data are most important in _____ evaluations.

outcome

Private prisons are controversial because some people have a moralistic opposition to the idea that money is made off the misery of others

True

The prison that you work at only conducts the highest-quality research. Interventions are always evaluated with a control design and multiple site replications with conclusive reductions in recidivism. What level research is this considered?

gold

What is the purpose of the Justice Reinvestment Initiative (JRI)?

reduce recidivism and improve public safety

Goals of programs should be translated into _______.

measurable outcomes

What is a concern of prison social media?

gang members communicating in code

The designation of ______ is reserved for programs that have been subjected to research, but the findings were negative and the programs were determined to be ineffective.

dirt

It is important that evaluators provide recommendations for agencies based on the outcome of the evaluation.

True

______ speaks volumes to the agency’s professionalism and sense of ethical responsibility.

Accreditation

Assessment implies that one outcome is desired over others, the outcome is measurable, and the outcome is defined according to practical realities.

False

There are two types of evaluation research.

False

Juvenile facilities are required to screen for suicide

False

What was the significance of Breed v. Jones (1975)

Trying a juvenile who had been adjudicated in juvenile court for the same crime as an adult in criminal court violates the Fifth Amendment double jeopardy clause.

Elijah is a 16-year-old who has been tried and sentenced in adult court. What is the usual procedure for juveniles in this position?

They are sent to a juvenile detention facility until they are eighteen years old

Physically abusive parents have often been abused themselves as children

True

Research on recidivism among institutionalized delinquents suggest that institutionalization is ______.

no more effective than the passage of time

Female juvenile offenders have fewer substance abuse problems than their male counterparts.

False

The individual case management used in the wraparound approach is often compared to conventional case management programs.

False

You are a magistrate living in England in the 1600s. One of your cases involves a juvenile offender named Isabelle who’s been convicted of theft. Where should she be sent?

adult prison

An understanding of the tenets of a particular gang, how leadership structures operate, and gang alliances can provide staff with a better ability to competently provide services to these youth.

True

The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA), in conjunction with standards set by the U.S. Department of Justice have made room to allow for certain instances of harassment in juvenile facilities.

False

What is true of detention facilities?

They sometimes hold youth who have not been sentenced yet

Paul is a thirty-year-old male who was in and out of the juvenile system, as well as the adult system. He has committed both property and violent crimes. What type of offender is Paul?

life-course-persistent

What was the significance of McKeiver v. Pennsylvania?

The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment did not require jury trials in juvenile court.

During the fifteenth century, the king of England assumed responsibility for everyone under his rule by providing care for children without parents and assisting women who required aid.

True

It is especially important to screen and assess juvenile offenders for ______.

substance abuse

African American men and women have been disproportionately incarcerated throughout the history of corrections in the United States.

True

Reform schools were effective in reducing the incidence of delinquency.

False

By 1945, all U.S. states recognized that children were not just small adults and developed juvenile courts.

True

Half of youth in custody experience anxiety and depression.

True

The vast majority of states identify racial stereotyping by the police and juvenile justice system as factors contributing to higher arrest rates and detention of minority youth.

False

Youth who come from abusive homes have ______ likelihood of engaging in serious delinquency, drug abuse, and adult criminality.

an increased

Oliver was a 13-year-old misfit living in Boston in the mid-1800s. He was caught smoking, drinking, stealing, and skipping school on many occasions. What type of institution would he go to get education and turn into a productive member of society?

house of refuge

The goal of juvenile corrections is to provide treatment services for youth.

True

The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI), ______.

predicted recidivism for male and female offenders

Roper v. Simmons ruled that the death penalty was constitutional when used with people who were under 18 years of age at the time of their offense.

False

Tanya is fifteen-years-old, and her mother allows her to have parties where there are drinking and illegal drugs. This is an example of ______.

emotional neglect

Sheri engaged in minor shoplifting when she was twelve-years-old, but she never stole again. What type of offender is Sheri?

adolescent-limited

You are a staff member working in a juvenile facility. When can you conduct a cross-gender pat-down search?

in exigent circumstances

In 1825, the Society for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency advocated ______.

separating juvenile and adult offenders

Johnny is a 17-year-old offender who has committed many serious violent crimes. It seems as though he is unable to be rehabilitated after many attempts in the juvenile system. Johnny has recently assaulted his mother, and she has incurred serious injuries from the assault. What is likely to happen to Johnny?

he will be waived to adult court

Efforts throughout the juvenile system to address Disparate Minority Confinement (DMC) have been unsuccessful in recent years.

False

Adam is a 17-year-old youth who has a history of committing violent offenses. He is currently staying in a secure residential facility that resembles an adult prison. If you were a corrections officer working on Adam’s case, where would you suggest he be housed?

detention facility

You are working in a juvenile facility and need to do a strip search of a juvenile. However, this is a transgender resident, and you do not know if the resident is considered male or female. What should you do?

review the resident’s medical record

Shawna is 16-years-old, and she was kicked out of her home because her mother’s boyfriend did not like her. Shawna has experienced ______.

physical neglect

Overall, the disproportionate confinement of minority youth has to do with _____.

many social, political, and economic factors

What is the significance of Graham v. Florida

Juveniles who commit crimes in which no one is killed may not be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole

When people from various groups and backgrounds work in corrections, it is less likely that biases in operations can continue undetected.

True

What division of the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) provides legal support for inmate litigation arising out of prisons located within a given region?

Office of General Counsel

There has been a riot at one of the state prisons in California. Several inmates have taken other inmates and guards as hostages. In addition, two inmates have reportedly escaped. What type of response team should be called for this incident?

special operations response team

The professionalization of the corrections field ______.

has limited the effectiveness of the convict code

Rhonda is in charge of programming in a correctional unit at a state prison. She has inspired the employees in the unit to want to create change in the inmates. As a result, this prison has some of the lowest recidivism rates in the country. What title has Rhonda earned for herself?

leader

What level of management coordinates with other state agencies to ensure integration of services?

system-wide administrator

What is the difference between a reactive style of management with a proactive one?

A reactive manager responds after a problem, while a proactive one responds before a problem

What is the difference between probation and parole within state systems?

Probation and parole perform different functions in each state

Which stage of the APEX Change Management Model involves the development of a detailed project management tool that is designed by the Change Team to help the agency manage and monitor project milestones and achieve the goals of the change effort?

Stage 4: Plan Implementation

Sheila has been working at the same prison for fifteen years. She always gets positive evaluations for her performance at work. However, she is concerned that she keeps getting overlooked for promotions, even though she has all the qualifications and thinks she is the best person for the job. What could Sheila be facing?

She has hit the glass ceiling and faces difficulty in being promoted.

The ______ serves as the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) headquarters and is overseen and managed by the director of the BOP.

Central Office

Prior to the 1980s, prisons tended to be in ______.

rural areas and hired staff from the local area

______ management consists of tight control in the communication process so that decision-making power is reserved to a small group of people.

Centralized

Management and leadership can be used interchangeably.

False