Social Studies: US & World History (5154) Praxis Exam

colonial period (1607-1765)

A time period in US history where there were 13 English colonies on the East Coast of the Americas to allow colonists to be free from religious persecution and to help with mercantilism

mercantilism

An English policy that required colonies to provide raw materials to England to continue to grow and support the mother country while limiting trade with other nations

the 13 colonies

A group of English colonies that were overtly similar in their political and religious beliefs

NH, MA, RI, CT, VA, MD, NY, PA, NJ, DE, NC, SC, GA

The 13 colonies were:

French and Indian War

A war fought between English and French colonies for land. The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended this war and France gave some of its Eastern land to England

American Revolution (1765-1783)

A revolution in US history that started because of the Intolerable Acts

Stamp Acts, Tea Acts, Quartering Acts

The Intolerable Acts were:

Sons of Liberty, Boston Massacre, Committees of Correspondence, The Boston Tea Party, 1st Continental Congress, the shot heard around the world

The 6 most important events and groups leading up to the American Revolution were:

Sons of Liberty

The protest group headed by Samuel Adams that incited the American Revolution

Boston Massacre

An event on 3/5/1770 when British soldiers fired on a crowd and killed 5 people

Committees of Correspondence

Committees that were set up throughout the colonies to transmit revolutionary ideas and create a unified response

The Boston Tea Party

As event on 12/6/1773 during which the Sons of Liberty dressed as Mohawks and dumped tea into the harbor from a British ship to protest the tea tax

1st Continental Congress

An event held in 1774 during which all colonies (minus GA) attended and listed grievances and developed a response

the shot heard around the world

An event in April 1775 during which English soldiers were on their way to confiscate arms in Concord, passing through Lexington, MA and meeting the colonial militia called the Minutemen; a fight ensures and the British soldiers were forced to retreat

DE

Which state was the first one to ratify the Constitution?

2nd Continental Congress, Common Sense, Declaration of Independence, Alliance with France, Treaty of Paris

The 5 major turning points of the American Revolution were:

2nd Continental Congress

A meeting during which the Continental Army was established and Washington was chosen as commanding general. They allowed printing of money and created government offices

"Common Sense"

A pamphlet published in 1776 by Thomas Paine that called for independence and was widely distributed

Declaration of Independence

A document written by Thomas Jefferson and ratified on 7/5/1776 by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia

France

Benjamin Franklin negotiated an agreement with what country to fight with Americans in 1778?

Treaty of Paris

A document that ended the Revolutionary War in 1782, granted independence to the colonies, and gave them generous territorial rights

Articles of Confederation

The document that served as the original constitution for the US outlining how sovereignty would be shared among the states in the new country

Confederation Period (1783-1788)

The period in US history that followed the American Revolution. The Articles of Confederation were held and there was not much political unity with a weak federal government

1787

The Constitution of the United States of America was written in what year?

established the 3 branches and created checks of balances

The new Constitution (ratified in 1787) created what?

1789

"The Bill of Rights" were adopted in what year?

the first 10 amendments to the Constitution

What are "The Bill of Rights"?

Jeffersonian Era (1801-1817)

The period of US history during which Thomas Jefferson's political activism and American Republicanism opposed aristocracy, elitism, and government corruption

Era of Good Feelings (1817-1825)

The period of US history after the Jeffersonian Era, during which the Federalist system collapsed. James Monroe's presidency created a sense of national security and a desire for unity.

Whigs and Democrats

2 major political parties seen after James Monroe's presidency:

Jacksonian Era (1825-1849)

The period of US history during which voting rights were extended to most white men over 21-years-old. There was also an increase in expansionism in the name of manifest destiny.

Civil War Era (1850-1865)

The period of US history during which N and S states differed in beliefs on rights for Black people and slavery.

11

How many states seceded from the US to create the Confederacy?

1861

In what year was the official Confederacy formed?

through the end of the civil war in 1865

How long did the Confederacy last?

Reconstruction Era (1865-1877)

The period of US history during which the S was under strict control of the government and military occupation called for constitutional conventions to reconstruct state governments.

13th, 14th, and 15th

What 3 amendments were passed during the Reconstruction Era of US history?

13th amendment

The US amendment that declared slavery illegal:

14th amendment

The US amendment that made all born or naturalized people US citizens and forbade states from interfering on their civil rights:

15th amendment

The US amendment that made it illegal to deny individuals the right to vote on the grounds of race

industrialization, railroad expansion, gold and silver mining, cattle ranching

4 major changes in US industry during the late 1800s:

1865 to 1969

During what years was the Transcontinental Railroad built?

Gilded Age (1877-1895)

The period in US history where powerful families enjoyed enormous wealth and lifestyles.

Jay Gould

American man who controlled the railroad industry during the Gilded Age:

Andrew Carnegie

American man who controlled the steel industry during the Gilded Age:

John D. Rockefeller

American man who controlled the oil industry during the Gilded Age:

Philip Danforth Armour

American man who controlled the meatpacking` industry during the Gilded Age:

J. P. Morgan

American man who controlled the banking industry during the Gilded Age:

John Jacob Astor

American man who controlled the fur pelt industry during the Gilded Age:

Cornelius Vanderbilt

American man who controlled the steamboat shipping industry during the Gilded Age:

robber barons

The name for the powerful industrial men of the US Gilded Age because of their ruthless business practices and exploitation of workers:

Knights of Labor

US labor union created in 1878 that sought to organize all workers and focused on broad social reforms

Progressive Era (1896-1916)

The period of US history during which reform-minded political leaders wanted to create rational social order and increase foreign trade. The Monroe Doctrine, Spanish-American Wars, Open Door policy, and Panama Canal all happened during this period.

Monroe Doctrine

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

Open Door policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Hepburn Act

An Act passed in 1906 that reinforced the Interstate Commerce Commission:

1913 and 1914

In what years were the Federal Reserve System and Fair Trade Commission passed?

1917 to 1919

In what years did the US involvement in World War I occur?

the sinking of the Lusitania by a German submarine

What sparked Woodrow Wilson to declare war during WWI in 1917?

Allies and Central Powers

What were the 2 sides during WWI?

Britain, France, Russia, Greece, Italy, Romania, Serbia, and US

Which 8 countries made up the Allies in WWI?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey

Which 4 countries made up the Central Powers in WWI?

the Allies

Which groups won WWI?

Roaring Twenties (1920-1929)

The period in US history during which the economy was successful, new technologies were invented, new media was created, and there was a shift to focus on practicality

Great Depression (1930-1941)

The period in US history after the stock market crashed in 1929, during which unemployment rates were high and banks failed.

1939 to 1945

In what years did the US involvement in World War II occur?

the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan

What sparked US involvement in WWII?

Axis and Allied

What were the 2 sides of WWII?

Germany, Japan

Which 2 countries made up the Axis team in WWII?

Britain, France, Russia, Italy, US

Which 5 countries made up the Allied team in WWII?

Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Organization of American States, Berlin Blockade, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Korean War, McCarthy Era

7 major programs and events resulting from the Cold War:

Truman Doctrine

Policy created in 1947; President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology; mainly helped Greece and Turkey

Marshall Plan

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

1Alliance of nations formed in 1949 that agreed to band together in the event of war and to support and protect each nation involved

Cuban Missile Crisis, assassinations of President Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, and MLK Jr, Civil Rights Movement, Vietnam War, major legislation

5 major events of the 1960s:

Civil Rights Act, Clean Air Act, Water Quality Act, Peace Corps, Medicare, War on Poverty

Major legislation of the 1960s:

Post-War Era (1945-1964)

The period of US history during which America was recovering economically and deterring war; space race and arms race

Civil Rights Era (1965-1980)

The period of US history during which Martin Luther King Jr. and the NAACP fought for civil rights laws dealing with segregation, employment opportunity, and voting rights.

Reagan Era (1981-1991)

The period of US history during which foreign policy was the focus. Military spending increased while taxes were cut to reduce national government involvement and attempt to reduce the national debt

1990s and early 2000s

The period of US history during which the economy was developing around the use of computers and the internet. This period also saw terrorist attacks from al-Qaeda, like that of 9/11/2001.

2008 to present

The period of US history during which the housing industry collapsed, the Great Recession occurred, and Obama was elected.

2008

In what year did the Great Recession occur?

pre-historical

The earliest history of the human race is known as:

the Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia

The earliest writing did not appear until:

pre-modern period

The period in world history that includes early civilizations with the invention of technologies and reliance on agriculture.

Egypt, Babylon, Greek and Roman Empires

Pre-modern civilizations are:

the connection between Europe, Africa, and Asia by the Greek and Roman Empires

The end of the pre-modern period is viewed as:

first known writing system, advancing development of wheel and irrigation, urbanization

Important contributions of the ancient Sumer civilization in Mesopotamia:

series of short-term empires that failed due to oppression of their subjects

Mesopotamia had:

national religion based on pharaohs, central government, writing, libraries

Important contributions of the ancient Egypt civilization:

culture of luxury and refinement, no national government, advanced civic system, prosperous trade routes

Important contributions of the ancient Indus Valley/Harappan civilization:

a group of city-states united by Alexander the Great, blending Greek values with local cultures

Early Greek civilizations were characterized as:

an Italian city-state that expanded into an empire lasting for 1000 years and becoming the foundation for Western culture, language, and laws

Early Roman civilization was characterized as:

consistent government structure, written records emphasizing history, philosophy, and common religion

Early Chinese civilization was characterized as:

ununified government until 19th century, loosely unifying caste system and guilds, regulated daily life

Early Indian civilization was characterized as:

Middle Ages/Medieval Times (500-1500 AD)

The period of world history during which Greek and Roman empires fell and independent countries rose with a reliance on the feudal system

Roman Catholicism, knights, peasants/serfs, universities, Crusades, Charlemagne, Black Death plague

Key events of the Middle Ages/Medieval Times in world history:

Protestant Reformation

The attempt, in world history, to reform the Catholic Church; led by Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses in 1517, John Calvin, and John Wesley

Lutheran, Reformed, Calvinist, Presbyterian, Anglican

The 5 churches founded from the Protestant Reformation:

Renaissance

The period in world history where there was a large interest in Greek and Latin art, literature, and philosophy throughout Europe from the 14th through 16th centuries