hosa written exam

title IX education assistance act of 1972

equal opportunity for men and woman

acute inury

rapid onset resulting from a traumatic event

critical force

maginitude of a single force for which the anatomical structure of interest is damaged

chronic injuries

slow, insidious onset implying a gradual develoment of structural damage

intrinsic factors

immature cartilage, lack of flexibility, lack of proper condiitioning, psycholgical factors

extrinsic factors

excessive training, lack of adequate recovery, incorrect technique, playing on uneven or hard surfaces, incorrect equipment

ectopic calcification or myositits ossifcations

bonelike formation within the muscle tissue

closed fracture

bone doesn’t protrude

open fractures

bone protrudes from the skin

stress fracture

cracks or stress reactions releated to overloading

salter harris fracture

associated with epiphyseal growth plates, common in adolescents

athletic health care team personell

• board of certification certified athletic trainer

• medical physican director

• ems personnel

• coaches

• school nurses, medical specialists, dentists, counselors, and others

athletic health care team management

• Coordinating pre-participation physical exams.

• Providing medical management of injuries and illnesses on and off the field. 

• Coordinating rehabilitation and a safe return to participation after illness or injury. 

• Providing education and counseling for coaches, athletes, and parents. 

• Providing proper documentation and medical record keeping.

CAATE

commission on accreditiation of athletic training education

BOC athletic trainer certification

• must complete a caate accredited athletic training education program

• take certification exam

national athletic trainers assoication

• NATA is the professional membership association for certified athletic trainers and others who support the athletic training profession.

tort

harm, other than breach of contract, done to another for which the law holds the wrongdoer responsible

negligence

a type of tort that is defined as the failure to do what a reasonably careful and prudent person woul dhave done under the same or like circumstances

act of commision

acting in an improper way

act of omission

failure to act

4 elements of negligence

duty

breach of duty

damage

link between breach of duty and damage

health insurance portability and accountablity act

inury docuemntation that is secure

general conditioning

aerboic fitness, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, nutrition, and body composition

sports specific conditioning

addresses jionts and specific motions of the sport that are unique

balistic stretching

use momemntum of a mving body or limb to force it beyond its normal range of motion

static stretching

stand, site, or lie still and strech

propioceptive neuromuscular faciliation (PNF) streching

the one where you push and then relax

passive streching

no active movement

macrocyle

1 year period for the periodized program

microcycle

2 to 4 week cycle

mesocycle

several successive microcycles

transition phase

2 to 4 weeks between training seasons

kubler ross grief cycle

1. denial

2. anger

3. bargaining

4. depression

5. acceptance

carbohydrates

• provide energy for high intesnity exercise

• 4 kilocalories

low glycemic index

steadier rise and decline in blood glucose and insulin

high glycmeic index

large adnr apid rise in blood glucose and insulin

fats

needed for energy, insulation, and protection of organs

30% or less of calories

9 kilocalories per gram

saturated fat

all availble bondign sites on fatty acid are occupied

solid at room temp

unsaturated fat

prevent all availble bonding sites from being occupied by a hydrogen atom

plant based

liquid at room temp

proteins

tissue construction, enzyme reactoins, and neergy

10-15% of diet

4 kilocalories per gram

vitamin A

makes the immune system work effectively

keep skin healthy

supports reproduction and growth

helps with vision

vitamin B

energy yielding nutrients

also help cells multiply by making new DNA

vitamin C

collagen formation

antioxidant

iron absorption

infection fighting

vitamin D

strong bones, muscle, and health

vitamin E

antioxidant

helps with vision, immune system, and skin

vitamin K

• healthy bones

• blood clotting and wound healing

calcium

• strengthens bones and teeth

• regulate muscle and heart function

• blood clotting

• transmission of nervous system messages

• enzyme funciton

iodine

• makes thyroid hormones that control our metabolic rate

iron

involved in transport of oxygen into the blood and the provision of energy to cells

zinc

growth, development and immune function

magnesium

maintains bone health and uses glucose for energy

potassium

nerves, msucles,and heart

helps lower blood pressure

sodium

maintain correct volume of circulating blood and tissue fluids in body

AVPU

• alert and aware

• responds to verbal stimulus

• responds to painful stimulus

• unresponsive to any stimulus

types of force

compressive

tensile

shear

POLICE

protect

optimal loading

ice

compression

elevation

anterograde amnesia

inability to recall events that have traspired since the time of the injury

retrograde amnesia

inability to recall events that occurred prior to the injury

cantu evidence based classificaiton of concussions

• grade 1: signs/symptoms resolve in less than 30 minutes

• grade 2: loss of consciousness for less than 1 minute and or PTA lasting longer than 30 minutes

• grade 3: loss of consciousness for more than 1 minure and or PTA lasting more than 24 hours

epidural hematoma

develops quickly due to arterial bleeding

subdural hematoma

develops slowly due to venous bleeding

intracerberal hematoma

bleeding within brain tissue

standarized assement of concussion (SAC)

a convenient and reliable way to quickly assess neurocognitive funciton in the areas of orientation, immediate memory, concentration and delayed recall

standardized concussion assessment tool 2

Sign and symptom checklist, orientation, immediate memory, concentration and delayed recall, and balance assessment.

mechanisms of cervical spine injury

hyperflexion, hyperextension, rotation, lateral flexion, axial loading

most from axial load

spondylolysis

stress fracture in the neural arch

spondylolisthesis

vetebra slips forward due to stress fracture in neural arch

piano key sign

sign of a 3rd degree AC joint injury

rotator cuff strain mechanism

concentric force development followed eccentric loading of RC muslces during deceleration and follow-through cause most injuries

elbow flexors

bicepts brachii and brachialis

elbow extensors

triceps brachii and anconeus

pronators

pronator teres and quadratus

supinators

supinator and biceps brachii

volkmann’s contracture

radial artery is compressed

paralysis, pain, pallor

scaphoid bone

bone that usually gets injured during wrist fractures

postive snuffbox test

collies fracture

transverse fracture of distal radius

bennetts fracture

fracture to the thumb

boxers fracture

mechanism: blows with a clenched fist

4th and or 5th metacarpal bones

gamekeeper’s thumb

sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb

mechnanims: valugs force to the MP joint of the thumb

mallet finger

distal phalynx and torn extensor tendon

blow ot teh fingertip while extending it

jersey finger

tearing away of a finger flexor tendon