Progressive Era

progressives believed that political action and reform

were required for progress in society

goal and beliefs of progressives

social, moral, economic, political reform

gov should be given expanded powers so that it could become more active in improving the lives of its citizens

social reform

examples of social reform

women’s rights

women’s rights

suffrage, owning property, divorce, clothing, and birth control

social reform leaders

Susan B. Anthony, Florence Kelley, and Alice Paul

Susan B Anthony

activist who worked towards gaining suffrage for women, created National American Women Suffrage Association

Florence Kelley

Activist who worked towards getting better working conditions, minimum wage, and child labor laws

Alice Paul

Radical Activist who worked towards gaining suffrage for women, created Congressional Union, wanted an amendment giving women right to vote

19th Amendment

June 4th 1919, senate approved, ratified august 1920

social reform

protection of the environment, tenement life, unsafe working and child labor, safer medicines, safer food

antiquities act of 1906

allows president to designate national monuments and protects and preserves wildlife areas

tenement life

overcrowding of the cities, poor living conditions, unsanitary conditions

unsafe working conditions and child labor

fewer hours, higher wages, safer factories, unions

safer medicines

restriction of harmful drugs, proper labeling, government approval of future drugs/medicines

patent medicines

did not require prescriptions, making exaggerated claims, they were used for a variety of ailments, contained dangerous ingredients

safer food

government inspection of food, proper labeling, cleanliness

the jungle by upton sinclair

talks about the horrors of the meatpacking industry

pure food and drug act of 1906

created food and drug administration

food and drug administration

responsible of testing all foods and drugs designed for human consumption, requirement for prescriptions from licensed physicians before a patient could purchase certain drugs, requirement of label warnings on habit forming drugs

meat inspection act of 1906

all animals were required to pass an inspection by FDA prior to slaughter, all carcasses were subject to a post mortem inspection, cleanliness standards were established for slaughterhouse and processing plants

civil rights movement

African Americans were still fighting for basic rights guaranteed in the constitution

voter restrictions

poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clause

grandfather clause

exempts a group of people from obeying a law provided they met certain conditions before the law was passed

Jim Crow Laws

System of laws that segregated public services by race

Plessy v. Ferguson

supreme court ruled against Homer Plessy bc of serarate but equal

separate but equal

segregation was legal as long as separate facilities were equal

Booker T Washington

encouraged African Americans to become educated and learn a trade

WEB DuBois

encouraged African Americans to attend college and become leaders, started National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

worked through the courts to gain equal rights for African Americans

Moral Reform

sought to end prostitution, end gambling, end drunkenness, education for children, Americanization and restriction of immigrants

economic reform

sought to curb the power and influence of wealthy interests. monopolies, trusts, gap between the rich and the poor

political reform

governments should become more efficient and less corrupt so that they can competently handle an expanded role.

demanded political honesty and accountability

patronage/spoils system, only politicians can introduce bills, only legislature can pass laws, only courts can remove corrupt officials, political machines, bribery

before: party leaders chose candidates for state and local gov

after: direct Primaries- voters select their party’s candidates

before: state legislature chose US senators

after: 17th amendment- US senators are elected by popular vote

before: only members of state legislature can introduce bills

after: initiative- voters can put bills before the legislation

before: only legislatures pass laws

after: referendum- voters can vote on bills directly and voters also control raising school taxes

before: only courts or legislature can remove corrupt officials

after: recall- voters can remove elected officials from office

muckrakers

journalists that exposed turn of the century problems

exposing of problems

illegal business activities, putrid food, quack medicines squalid living conditions, dangerous working conditions

progressive amendments

16th, 17th, 18th, 19th

16th amendment

congress can levy income taxes

17th amendment

direct election of senators

18th amendment

prohibition of alcohol

19th amendment

women’s suffrage

progressive presidents

Theodore Roosevelt, William H Taft, Woodrow Wilson

Theodore Roosevelt

Republican, youngest president to assume office, took office after McKinley was shot, let the fight to dissolve 40 monopolies as a “trust buster”

square deal

Roosevelt promised a fair shake for the average citizen

Roosevelt promised a fair shake for the average citizen including…

regulation of railroad rates and pure foods and drugs, promotion of the conservation movement

promotion of the conservation movement

emphasizing efficient use of natural resources

William H Taft

Republican, promised to continue Roosevelt’s ideas. tried but lacked his energy

Woodrow Wilson

democrat, continued progressivism, president during WWI. won election of 1912

Bull Moose Party

progressive republicans were upset with Taft and wanted Roosevelt back. Roosevelt loses the primaries so he creates his own party

Bull Moose Party

Roosevelt’s progressive party

Republican candidate for Election of 1912

William Taft

Democrat candidate for Election of 1912

Woodrow Wilson

Progressives candidate for Election of 1912

Roosevelt

Winner of the Election of 1912

Woodrow Wilson

The Triangle Factory

located on the 8th, 9th, 10th floor of the Asch building

owners of the factory

max blanck and isaac harris

workforce of the factory

immigrant women, Jewish and Italian as young as 14-15

conditions of the factory

12+ hours 6 days a week, low wages ($6-10 a week), crowded workspaces with flammable materials, locked doors to prevent theft and workers leaving early, no fire drills, no sprinklers,

1910 strike

many woman workers protested for better wages and safer conditions, faced police violence and arrests, won minor improvements but no fire safety

march 25 1911

the fire started

fire likely caused by

a discarded cigarette or match igniting fabric scraps

fire spread

within minutes due to dry cloth, wooden tables, and lack of fire containment

why was the fire deadly

locked exits, narrow stairwells, small elevators (stopped working after 4 trips), collapsing fire escapes, jumping out of windows

casualties

146 deaths (123 women 23 men)

aftermath of fire

thousand attended funerals and protests

owners trial

were acquitted

owners lawsuit

forced to pay $75 per victim but received large insure money

Frances Perkins

passed 30+ new labor laws

new labor laws

required fire exits, sprinklers, unlocked doors, safety inspections