Poopy vInfinity+1

Ulysses S. Grant

18th U.S. President (1869-1877), stood on the platform of "just having peace" rather than reconstruction

Horatio Seymour

Democratic candidate for the election of 1868

Black Friday

Jim Frisk and Jay Gold bought and horded a large amount of gold, on Sep 24 1869 the Treasury had to sell gold from its reserves

Tweed Ring

"Boss" Tweed employed bribery, graft, and fraudulent elections to milk New York of as much as $200 million.

Credit Mobilier Scandal

Scandal in 1872 where Union Pacific Railroad iniders formed construction comopany, hired themselves at inflated prices to build railroad, paying off members of Congress and Vice President

Liberal Republican Party

Party formed in 1872 in response to political corruption & dissatisfaction in military Reconstruction

Horace Greekey

Democratic and liberal republican candidate in election of 1872

Amnesty Act of 1872

Law passed by Republican congress in 1872 that removed political restrictions from most former Confederate leaders

panic of 1873

Economic crisis primarly caused by over-speculation, banks gave too many imprudent loans to support over-expansion and people were unable to pay back their loans

Resumption Act of 1875

1875 act that requireed the government to remove greenbacks from irculation and redeem all paper currency in gold at face value beginning in 1879

contraction

The policy of the Treasury accumulating gold stock to replace the greenbacks

Grand Army of the Republic

politically active fraternal organization consisting of many Union veterans of the Civil War, where many Republican votes came from

patronage

the principle of giving jobs to your political supporters, supported by both democrats and republicans

Rutherford B. Hayes

19th U.S. president (1877-1881), lost popular vote but won electooral vote by 1 vote

Samuel J. Tilden

Democratic candidate in the election of 1876

Compromise of 1877

Compromise that set up electoral commission consisting of 15 men, who ultimately have the election to Hayes, outraging the Democrats

Civil Rights Act of 1875

1875 act that was supposed to guarantee equal accommodations in public places and prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection, but was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, saying the 14th amendment referred to the government but not individuals

crop-lien system

System in whcih small farmers who rented land from plantation owners were in perpetual debt and had to continue to work for the owners

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

1882 act that stopped Chinese immigration iinto America after the West coast attributed declining wages and economic troubles to the Chinese workers

James A. Garfield

20th U.S. president (1881) part of the "half-breed" faction of the Republican Party

Chester A. Arthur

21st U.S. president (1881-1885) Part of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party, became president after Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau

Winfield Scott

Democratic candidate in the election of 1880, civil war hero

Pendleton Act of 1883

1883 act that made mandatory campaign contributions from federal employees illegal, established Civil Service Commission

James G. Blaine

Republican candidate in the election of 1884

Grover Cleveland

22nd & 24th U.S. President (1885-1889, 1893-1897), first Democrat to take the presidency in over 28 years, believed that while the people support the government, the govenrment should not support the people

Benjamin Harrison

23rd U.S. president (1889-1893), lost the popular vote but still won the election

Billion-Dollar Congress

Congress named for its lavish spendings, Thomass B. Reed as speaker of the house, gave pensions to Ciil War veterans & increased government purchases of silver

McKinley Tariff Act of 1890

1890 act that significantly raised tariffs and hurt farmers

Populist Party

Party formed by frustrated farmers, called for graduated income tax, government ownership of railraoods, telegraph, and telephone, direct election of U.S. senators, 1 term limit on presidency, allow citiizens to shape legislation more directly, shorter workday, immigration restriction

James B. Weaver

Populist candidate in the election of 1892

Homestead Strike

Violent worker strike in 1892

panic of 1893

Worst U.S. economic depression in the 1800s, caused by overbuilding, over-speculation, and agricultural depressionn

Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890

1890 act that forced the government t purhcase a certain mount of silver each month, meant to cause inflation so indebted farmers could pay off their debts, decreased confidence in country's finances and was repealed in 1893

Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894

1894 act that lowered tariffs and added 2% tax on incomes over $4,000, ruled unconstitutional in 1895, caused Democrats to lose seats in Congress