topic 1 - states of matter and mixtures

atom

the smallest neutral part of an element that can take part in chemical reactions

attractive forces

the weak forces of attraction between molecules

boiling point

the temperature at which an object boils

chemical properties

how a substance reacts with other substances

melting point

the temperature at which an object melts

molecule

particle consisting of two or more atoms joined by covalent bonding

particle

a tiny piece of matter that everything is made out of

particle model

a theory to explain the different properties and observations of solids, liquids and gases

physical change

a change in which no new substances are formed - like changes of state

states of matter

solid, liquid, gas

structure of a solid

* particles are closely packed (touching)


* particles are in a regular pattern
* keep their shape

movement of a solid

* particles are vibrating on the spot
* particles do not move past each other

energy of a solid

low energy

structure of a liquid

* particles touch
* random/no pattern
* takes the shape of the container

movement of a liquid

* particles touch
* some gaps
* move freely

energy of a liquid

medium energy

structure of a gas

* no pattern
* fill the container

movement of a gas

* move freely
* rapid and random

energy of a gas

high energy