APUSH unit 3

French & Indian War

French & Indian War

A conflict (1754-1763) between Britain and France in North America that marked a turning point in the relationship between England and its colonies.

Albany Plan of Union

A proposal by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 for a unified colonial government to coordinate defense, which ultimately failed due to colonial jealousy over taxation powers.

Braddock’s Blunders

The disastrous 1755 campaign led by General Braddock against Fort Duquesne, resulting in heavy British casualties and a loss of confidence in British military tactics.

Native American Alliances

Many Native American tribes sided with the French during the French & Indian War due to better relationships with French colonists, while others remained neutral or allied with the British.

William Pitt

The British Prime Minister who focused military strategy on conquering Canada during the French & Indian War, leading to British victories in key battles.

Peace of Paris (1763)

The treaty that ended the French & Indian War, resulting in British control over Canada and Florida, and the cession of Louisiana to Spain.

Salutary Neglect

The British policy of minimal interference in colonial affairs prior to the French & Indian War, which changed to stricter control post-war.

"No Taxation without Representation"

A slogan reflecting colonial opposition to British taxes imposed without colonial input, leading to growing unrest.

Boston Massacre

A 1770 incident where British soldiers killed five colonists, escalating tensions and anti-British sentiment in the colonies.

First Continental Congress

A 1774 meeting of delegates from all colonies (except Georgia) to address colonial grievances and organize resistance against British policies.

Declaration of Independence

The 1776 document declaring the colonies' independence from Britain, articulating Enlightenment ideals of individual rights and government by consent.

Common Sense

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine published in 1776 that argued for independence from Britain and was influential in swaying public opinion.

Articles of Confederation

The first governing document of the United States, ratified in 1781, which created a weak federal government with limited powers.

Shays’ Rebellion

A 1786 uprising of Massachusetts farmers protesting economic injustices and highlighting the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Constitutional Convention

The 1787 meeting in Philadelphia where delegates decided to draft a new Constitution, replacing the Articles of Confederation.

Three-Fifths Compromise

An agreement during the Constitutional Convention that counted slaves as three-fifths of a person for representation and taxation purposes.

Federalists vs

The debate over the ratification of the Constitution, with Federalists supporting a strong national government and Anti-Federalists advocating for states' rights.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, added to protect individual liberties and address concerns raised by Anti-Federalists.

XYZ Affair

A diplomatic incident in 1797 that led to an undeclared war (Quasi War) between the U.S. and France, highlighting tensions in foreign policy.