Theological Concepts and Models of Atonement

A collection of vocabulary flashcards created to help students review important theological concepts and models of atonement.

Soteriology

The study of religious doctrines of salvation.

Atonement

The reconciliation between God and humanity brought about by Christ's sacrificial death.

Monergism

The belief that the Holy Spirit works alone in the process of salvation.

Synergism

The belief that human cooperation with divine grace is necessary for salvation.

Calvinism

A theological system emphasizing predestination and God's sovereignty in salvation.

Arminianism

A theological system emphasizing free will and human choice in salvation.

Tulip

An acronym summarizing Calvinist doctrine: Total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement, Irresistible grace, Perseverance of the saints.

Divine restitution model

A view of atonement emphasizing the need to restore God's honor through Christ's sacrifice.

Penal substitution model

A model of atonement stating that Christ took the punishment deserved by sinners upon Himself.

Christus Victor model

A view of atonement emphasizing Christ's victory over evil powers through His death and resurrection.

Moral influence theory

The idea that Christ's sacrifice serves primarily as an example to inspire humanity towards moral action.

New covenant

The new relationship between God and humanity established by Jesus' death and resurrection.

Covenant

A solemn agreement between God and His people, which is central to biblical theology.

Justification

The act of declaring a sinner righteous by God.

Sanctification

The process of becoming holy or set apart for God.

Grace

Unmerited favor from God, essential for salvation.

Divine agency

God's active involvement in the process of salvation.

Human agency

The role of human choice and actions in the process of salvation.

Christianity as a rescue religion

The concept that Christianity is centered on God's intent to redeem humanity from sin.