Psych EOC

Short Term Memory

We can only hold 5-9 items of memory

Information Processing Model

Encoding, Storage, Retrieval model of memory

Encoding

Getting info

Storage

Creates permanent record of encoded info

Retrieval

Calls back stored info when needed

Retrieval Failure

Failure to recall a memory

What memory is heavily attached to emotion?

Flashbulb Memory

What type of memory controls automatic activities like riding a bike?

Implicit Memory

Context Dependent Memory

Memory retrieval is easier when in the same context as when the memory was formed

Ex. A word list encoded underwater is easier to recall underwater

Mood Congruent Memory

Tendency to selectively recall details that align with one’s current mood

Ex. When the teen is mad, they remember mad memories

State Dependent Memory

Memories are tied to the physiological/emotional state we were in when encoding the memory.

Ex. “Give me a tour. Never been here sober.”

Social Psychology

Scientific study of how people think/feel/act in social context.

Psychoanalytical

How early childhood experiences shape us as adults

Ex. Trauma

Behavioral

Behaviors are learned through interaction w/ environment

Ex. touching oven with no mitts and not doing it again

Humanistic

Attempting to be the best version of ourselves

Ex. Free will, self actualization

Sociocultural

Our sociocultural life affects our thinking and behavior

Ex. Society, culture, gender, age, ethnicity, economic class, religion, family

Evolutionary

Personalities & differences evolve over time to promote survival & reproduction

Ex. Adapt, survive, natural selection, reproduce

Cognitive

How we process, store, retrieve info, reason/solve problems, think

Biological

Brain, neurotransmitters, genetics influence our behaviors, thoughts, feelings

Ex. Medicine, drugs, abuse, mental illness

Father of Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud

Id

Unconscious devil, exists at birth, immediate gratification

Ego

Conscious, mediator between Id and Superego

Superego

Unconscious angel, rules/morals/norms, right vs. wrong

What is the most common and widespread form of social influence?

Conformity

Attribution Theory

We try and explain others behaviors

Central Route Persuasion

Persuasion through stats/cues

Peripheral Route Persuasion

Persuasion through superficial cues

Solomon Asch’s Conformity Test was to study…

Conformity

The Stanford Prison Experiment was designed to study…

Psychological effects of power/authority in a prison

Self-Serving Bias

Tendency to blame external forces when bad things happen but give ourselves credit when good things happen

Part of brain stem that controls breathing

Medulla oblongata

Part of brain stem that controls appetite and weight

Hypothalamus

Part of brain stem that controls vision

Midbrain

Part of brain that controls our ability to plan, problem solve, & organize

Frontal Lobe

Part of brain associated with fear

Amygdala

Part of brain that controls balance

Cerebellum

Part of nervous system that controls voluntary movement

Central Nervous System

Theory of motivation that reduces drives like thirst and hunger

Drive Reduction Theory

James Lange Theory of Emotion

Stimulus —> Physiological Response —> Emotion

Most basic level of needs according to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological Needs: essential to survive like food and water

What level of Maslow’s Hierarchy says that we want to be respected/valued by others?

Esteem Needs

Arousal Theory of Motivation

Ideal levels of stress lead to peak performance

What parenting style is connected to children with the highest self esteem and self worth?

Authoritative

According to Carl Rogers, the separation between our ideal self and real self is known as…

Incongruence

Object Permanence

Child’s ability to understand that objects exist even if not in sight in sensorimotor stage

Erikson Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

18mo-3yr, caregivers let them explore world or child feels shamed/dependent

Identity v. Role Confusion

13-21yr, child has to establish sense of self & develop priorities or it weakens & fails expectations

Intimacy v. Isolation

21-39yr many find benefits from intimate relations or socially isolate

Ego Integrity v. Despair

65+ People feel fulfilled in life or regretful

Defense Mechanism: Projection

Taking our own unacceptable qualities and giving them to others

Ex. Girl hates her boss, but thinks her boss hates her

Displacement

Taking out feelings on people/objects that are less threatening

Ex. parents scold kid and then he takes it out on little brother

Rationalization

Rationalizing unacceptable behavior, avoids reason

Ex. Kid watches TV instead of studying

Denial

Outright refusal to admit that something has occured/is occuring

Ex. Alcoholics deny being alcoholics

Piaget: Sensorimotor Stage

0-2yrs. Use senses & motor abilities to learn about the world

Which piaget stage uses hypothetical & logical thinking?

Formal Operational