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Functions of protein coats on vesicles
selection and concentration of the right transport molecules
decide the size and shape of the vesicle
3 basic types of coated vesicles
Clathrin coated
COP I
COP II
Step 1 of Assembly of clathrin coat
cargo protein binds to a cargo molecule adaptin then binds to the cargo protein and clathrin, forming a coated pit.
Step 2 of Assembly of clathrin coat
As the clathrin coated pit grows a bud forms. Dynamin attaches and then pinches off to create a vesicle.
Step 3 of Assembly of clathrin coat
After formation, a chaperone protein peels off the coat.
What regulates the proteins that regulate vesicle formation?
GAP’s (inactivates) and GEF’s (activate)
How does GAP inactivate proteins?
GAPs activate GTPase, leading to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP stoping the signaling pathway.
How does GEF’s activate proteins?
promote the exchange of GDP to GTP activating the signalling pathway.
What is a SNARE (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Receptor) protein?
facilitate the fusion of membranes in cells
v-SNAREs
found on vesicle membrane
t-SNAREs
found on the target membrane; binds with v-SNAREs
trans-SNARE-complex
formed with t- and v-SNAREs bind; locks the two membranes together
Rab-Proteins
found on the cell membrane; can join vesicles when they bud off.
Rab-effectors
found on the target membrane; docking occurs with rab-proteins