Untitled Flashcards Set

Vertebral Column

Commonly known as the backbone, consisting of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs.

Function of the Vertebral Column

Supports the body’s weight, protects the spinal cord, and allows movement.

Sacrum

Formed by the fusion of several vertebrae at the distal end, connecting the spine to the pelvis.

Coccyx

Small, rudimentary tailbone formed from fused vertebrae.

Cervical Vertebrae

The 7 vertebrae located in the neck region.

Thoracic Vertebrae

The 12 vertebrae (T1–T12) in the upper back, each connected to a rib.

Lumbar Vertebrae

The 5 vertebrae (L1–L5) in the lower back, supporting most body weight.

Atlas (C1)

The first cervical vertebra that supports the skull and allows nodding motion.

Axis (C2)

The second cervical vertebra that contains the dens, allowing the head to rotate.

Transverse Foramina

Openings in cervical vertebrae allowing arteries to supply blood to the brain.

Thoracic Cage

Protects organs in the thoracic and upper abdominal cavities, consisting of ribs and the sternum.

Kyphosis

Excessive curvature leading to a hunched posture, typically in the thoracic spine.

Lordosis

Excessive inward curvature in the lumbar region that can cause lower back pain.

Pectoral Girdle

Connects the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton and facilitates arm movement.

Clavicle (Collarbone)

An S-shaped bone that connects the sternum to the scapula, acting as a strut for mobility.

Scapula (Shoulder Blade)

Flat, triangular bone providing attachment for muscles and articulating with the humerus.

Phalanges

14 finger bones in the human hand.

Metacarpals

The five bones that make up the palm of the hand.

Carpals

8 wrist bones that form the base of the hand.