Caesar 1.4 and 1.5 - Orgetorix’s plan is discovered and he is put on trial/ The Helvetians continue preparations for departure

1.4

1. Ea res est Helvetiis per indicium enuntiata. Moribus suis Orgetorigem

2. ex vinclis causam dicere coegerunt. Damnatum poenam sequi oportebat

3. ut igni cremaretur. Die constituta causae dictionis Orgetorix ad iudicium

4. omnem

5. Suam familiam, ad hominum milia decem, undique coegit, et

6. omnes clientes obaeratosque suos, quorum magnum numerum habebat,

7. eodem conduxit; per eos ne causam diceret se eripuit. Cum civitas ob eam

8. rem Incitata armis ius suum exsequi conaretur, multitudinemque hominum

9. ex agris magistratus cogerent, Orgetorix mortuus est; neque abest suspicio

10. ut Helvetii arbitrantur, quin ipse sibi mortem consciverit.

The matter has been announced to the Helvetians through an informant. According to their own customs they forced Orgetorix to plead his case out of chains. If condemned it was fitting that a punishment follow that he be burned by fire. On the day decided for pleading his case Orgetorix gathered from all sides all his family to the judgment, about ten thousand men, and he brought to the same place all of his clients and debtors, of whom he had a great number; through them he saved himself from speaking his case. When the tribe incited on account of this thing tried to enforce their own law with weapons, the magistrates forced a crowd of men from the fields, Orgetorix died; suspicion is not absent, the Helvetians are thinking, that he indeed inflicted death upon himself.

Ablative of time when

die —» on the day

Imperfect subjunctive

cremaretur —» (he) be burned

A relative pronoun (1.4) - gender, number, case, and antecedent

quorum: masc, plural, genitive —» obaeratosque

Ablative of place where

eodem —» the same place

A cum clause

cum…conaretur —» tried (to enforce their own law) with (weapons)

Perfect Passive Participle

constituta —» decided

1.5

1. Post eius mortem nihilo minus Helvetii id quod constituerant facere

2. Conantur, ut e finibus suis exeant. Ubi iam se ad eam rem paratos esse arbitrati

3. sunt, oppida sua omnia, numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos, reli-

4. qua privata aedificia incendunt; frumentum omne, praeterquam quod secum

5. portaturi erant, comburunt, ut, domum reditionis spe sublata, paratiores ad

6. omnia pericula subeunda essent; trium mensum molita cibaria sibi quemque

7. domo effere iubent. Persuadent Rauricis et Tulingis et Latovicis finitimis uti

8. eodem usi consilio, oppidis suis vicisque exustis, una cum eis profiscantur,

9. Boiosque, qui trans Rhenum incoluerant et in agrum Noricum transierant

10. Noreiamque oppugnabant, receptos ad se socios sibi asciscunt.

After his death nonetheless the Helvetii try to do that which they had decided, to go out from their borders. When they thought that they had now been prepared for this thing, they set fire to all of their towns, in number about twelve, to about four hundred villages, and the remaining private buildings; they burn up all the grain, except for that which they were about to carry with them so that with the hope of a return home having been destroyed, they were more prepared for all the dangers that must be encountered; they order each person to carry out from home ground grain of three months for themselves. They persuade their own neighbors the Raurici and Tulingi and Latovici to make use of the same plan, and with all their towns and villages burnt up, they depart together with them, and they join the Boii, who had lived across the Rhine and had crossed into the Norican field And were attacking Noreia, having been received as allies to themselves.

2 relative pronouns (1.5) - gender, number, case, and antecedent

1. quod: nuet, plural, accusative —» id

2. qui: masc, plural, nom —» Boii

An indirect statement

abitrati sunt (VOH) se (acc.) paratos esse (pp. infin.) —» they thought that they had (now) been prepared (for this thing)

A perfect passive infinitive

paratos esse —» had been prepared

Ablative Absolute

domum reditionis spe sublata —» with the hope of a return home having been destroyed

Passive Periphrastic

subeunda essent —» must be encountered

An indirect command

persuadent uti proficiscantur —» they persuade … to depart (together with them)