NEU 101: Neurotransmitters

These flashcards cover key concepts related to neurotransmitters, their functions, pathways, and classifications as discussed in the NEU 101 lecture.

What are the three different processes that occur to neurotransmitters after they enter a synapse?

Enzyme degradation, glia removal, and reuptake.

What criteria must a chemical meet to be classified as a neurotransmitter?

It must be present in the presynaptic terminal, neurons must be able to create/accumulate it, there must be a way to inactivate it, it should be released when the presynaptic neuron is stimulated, and it should mimic effects if applied exogenously.

What are autoreceptors and where are they located?

Autoreceptors are metabotropic receptors located on the axon of the presynaptic cell that sense their own neurotransmitter release.

What distinguishes excitatory neurotransmitters from inhibitory neurotransmitters?

The effects depend on the type of receptor they bind to and the resulting cellular response.

What are the main types of neurotransmitters discussed in class?

Amino Acids, Monoamines, NeuroPeptides, and Unconventional neurotransmitters.

What role do astrocytes play in neurotransmitter removal?

Astrocytes help in the removal of neurotransmitters from the synapse into the bloodstream.

What is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Glutamate.

What neurotransmitter is known for its inhibitory effects and is synthesized from glutamate?

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid).

What is acetylcholine typically associated with and where is it important?

Acetylcholine is typically excitatory and important in regulating muscle movement and arousal.

What are the pathways of dopamine distribution in the brain?

Dopamine is involved in several pathways: Nigrostriatal (movement control), Mesolimbic (pleasure, reward), Mesocortical (cognition, emotion, attention) and Tuberoinfundibular (hormone release).