micro 7.1 pt 2
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30 Terms
What are carbohydrates made of?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are the three major functions of carbohydrates?
Energy, energy storage, and structural support.
What is a monosaccharide?
The simplest carbohydrate; a single sugar molecule.
What are three common monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Which monosaccharide is the primary energy source for cells?
Glucose.
What is a pentose sugar?
A five-carbon sugar.
Name the two important pentose sugars.
Ribose and deoxyribose.
Where is ribose found?
RNA.
Where is deoxyribose found?
DNA.
What is a hexose sugar?
A six-carbon sugar.
What type of bond joins monosaccharides together?
A glycosidic bond.
What reaction forms a glycosidic bond?
Dehydration synthesis (condensation).
What reaction breaks a glycosidic bond?
Hydrolysis.
What is a disaccharide?
Two monosaccharides joined together.
What sugars make maltose?
Glucose + glucose.
What sugars make lactose?
Glucose + galactose.
What sugars make sucrose?
Glucose + fructose.
What is a polysaccharide?
A polymer made of many monosaccharides.
What is starch?
The storage polysaccharide of plants.
What is glycogen?
The storage polysaccharide of animals.
Where is glycogen mainly stored?
The liver and skeletal muscles.
What is cellulose?
A structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls.
Why can't humans digest cellulose?
Humans lack the enzyme cellulase.
What is chitin?
A structural polysaccharide in fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons.
What is peptidoglycan?
The carbohydrate-containing polymer that makes up bacterial cell walls.
What is a glycoconjugate?
A carbohydrate attached to another molecule, such as a protein or lipid.
What is a glycoprotein?
A protein with attached carbohydrate chains.
What is a glycolipid?
A lipid with attached carbohydrate chains.
What roles do glycoconjugates play?
Cell recognition, communication, and immune responses.
Why are carbohydrates important in microbiology?
They provide energy, form structural components, and help microorganisms interact with their environment.