Extra Credit Final Review

Vocabulary flashcards for lecture review.

What are the four types of organic macromolecules?

Lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates

The average traits in a population are selected AGAINST, leaving extreme traits to be advantageous is describing what form of selection?

Disruptive selection

What two components determine an element's atomic mass?

The number of protons + the number of neutrons

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell?

Chloroplast

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Weather refers to the daily fluctuations in precipitation, temperature, humidity, etc. Climate is long term weather patterns.

Where does Transcription take place in a eukaryotic cell?

Nucleus

What is the correct Taxonomic Hierarchy from broadest to most specific?

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Specific Epithet

What is the first stage of cellular respiration?

GLYCOLYSIS

What color(s) of light are absorbed by chlorophyll a pigments?

Blue and red

What is the function of DNA?

Storage of hereditary material

What are the four types of natural selection?

Disruptive, directional, sexual, stabilizing

What is a keystone species?

A species that maintains the biodiversity in a community.

Which stage of cellular respiration releases the most ATP?

Electron Transport Chain

What components make up a nucleosome?

DNA + histone proteins

What is the function of the active site on an enzyme?

Interacts with the substrate to carry out an enzymatic reaction

The location of a gene on a chromosome is referred to as what?

Locus

What are the three types of wetlands we talked about?

Marsh, swamp, bog.

What type of chemical bond is characterized by the sharing of electrons?

Covalent bond

The smallest unit/subunit of a carbohydrate is known as what?

Monosaccharide

What is an organism's fitness?

How much genetic material/offspring an organism is passing on/producing.

Which terrestrial biome is dominated by herbaceous plants?

Grassland

Which of these is a density independent factor of population growth?

Hurricane

Which of these interactions describes commensalism?

Benefitting one organism while one isn't harmed/doesn't benefit

What are the three types of RNA?

tRNA, mRNA, rRNA

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

What components make up a DNA nucleotide?

Nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group

Which of these organelles is NOT found in a prokaryotic organism?

Nucleus

Which nitrogenous base does Uracil bind with?

Adenine

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Diffusion is the movement of solutes and substances while osmosis involves water

What are the three types of population distributions?

Uniform, random, clumped

Mayflies spawn in the thousands in a local pond every year. Many of them are consumed by birds, mammals, and other predators early on in their life. What type of survivorship are the mayflies?

Type III

List FOUR of the steps in the scientific method.

1. Observation 2. Question 3. Hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Results 6. Accept/reject hypothesis 7. Review/publish

What is artificial selection?

Human induced natural selection.

I develop an experiment to measure the effect of herbicide quantity on weed growth. The independent variable would be_.

Herbicide quantity

List the layers of the pelagic zone from most amount of light to least amount of light.

Photic Zone, Twilight Zone, Abyssal Zone.

True or False: Evolution through natural selection is a completely random process.

False

What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Define the term 'genome'.

A genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism, including its genes and other DNA sequences.

What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?

Mitochondria are responsible for generating energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

How does genetic drift affect small populations?

Genetic drift can lead to random changes in allele frequencies, potentially reducing genetic diversity in small populations.

What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Decomposers break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

Explain the concept of 'carrying capacity' in ecology.

Carrying capacity is the maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely, given available resources.

What are the main steps of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

Denaturation, Annealing, Extension/Elongation

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Processes and packages proteins and lipids.

Name the 3 domains of life

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

What is responsible for the greenhouse effect?

Gases in the atmosphere trap heat