History 256 Chapters 23-24 flashcards

When did the stock market crash and shed 37% of its value (Black Tuesday)?

October 29, 1929

What year did unemployment reach 25% across the nation?

1933

When was the Smoot Hawley tariff passed and what did it do?

1930, attempted to help farmers by raising the tax on agricultural products 

By 1933, ____million people were unemployed. In urban areas, of adults were unemployed and those who still had jobs found themselves working ____hours for ____ wages 

13, half, fewer, reduced

What were the Dust Bowls causes and impacts in 1930?

It was caused by a severe drought in the Sothern planes region. Crops were destroyed, farmer lost livelihood due to debt, more than 800 thousand Okies and Arkie’s migrated to California and were treated poorly by landowners

Emergency Banking Relief Act

March 1933, Stabilized the banking system by allowing only sound banks to reopen.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

April 1933, Provided jobs for young men in environmental conservation projects.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

May 1933, Aimed to raise crop prices by paying farmers to reduce production.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

May 1933, Developed the Tennessee Valley region by providing electricity and jobs through infrastructure projects.

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

June 1933, Promoted fair competition and stabilized prices in industry.

Public Works Administration (PWA)

June 1933, Funded large-scale public works projects to create jobs and improve infrastructure.

Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC)

June 1933, Helped homeowners refinance their mortgages to avoid foreclosure.

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

May 1933, Provided direct relief to the unemployed and funded state relief programs.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

April 1935, Created jobs through public works projects, employing millions during the Great Depression.

Social security act

August 1935, Established a system of old-age benefits and unemployment insurance.

Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act)

July 1935, Guaranteed workers' rights to organize unions and engage in collective bargaining.

Fair Labor Standards Act

June 1938, established minimum wage, maximum hours, and prohibited child labor.

Securities Act

May 1933, Regulated the stock market and protected investors from fraud.

Glass-Stegall Act

June 1933 separated commercial banking from investment banking to reduce risk.

Which of the following programs helped people refinance their mortgages at lower interest rates so as to avoid bankruptcy?

Home Owners’ Loan Corporation

American isolationism declined in the turmoil of the Great Depression of the early 1930s. 

False

The global scope and scale of the Second World War ended America’s ________ during the previous two decades. 

isolationism in terms of global conflicts 

In early 1937, Roosevelt proposed to reform the Supreme Court by 

adding up to six additional members.

General Douglas MacArthur and Admiral Chester Nimitz developed the ________ strategy to defeat the Japanese in the Pacific war. 

island-hopping

Which of the following statements accurately describes the purpose of the Neutrality Act of 1935? 

It forbade the sale of arms and munitions to warring nations. 

The Dust Bowl can be associated with

the blowing away of millions of acres of topsoil across the plains

The Tennessee Valley Authority employed thousands in order to

produce cheap electric power

Going to movies was a widespread activity during the thirties, in part because movies offered a sense of release and rarely dealt with hard times. 

True

British and American differences over where to attack Germany first were resolved with the decision to launch an offensive 

on the eastern front

The Manhattan Project was a secret U.S. government project to develop the atomic bomb before the Germans did. 

True

What did Roosevelt do at the outset of his presidency to deal with the banking crisis? 

He declared a bank holiday, shutting the banks down briefly.

What was the second new deal?

the more radical phase of the New Deal that included projects such as Social Security 

The New Deal was responsible for ending racial discrimination in the federal government, including the military. 

False

What was the result of the invasion of Manchuria, China by Japanese troops in the 1930s? 

They took advantage of China’s weakness during a civil war by proclaiming Manchuria’s independence. 

What was Executive Order 9066, and what were its consequences?

An order that led to the internment of Japanese Americans during WW2 due to fears of espionage.

When was FDR first elected as President?

March 4th, 1932

What occurred on December 7th, 1941?

the attack on pearl harbor

What was the significance of the battle of midway in 1942?

it marked a turning point in the Pacific Theater, with the US gaining initiative against Japan.

Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?

The first African American military aviators in the US armed forced

What was the name of the policy that allowed the US to supply arms to Allies before entering WW2?

Lend-Lease Act

What year did D-Day occur and what was it?

D-Day was the Allied invasion of Normandy on june 6th, 1944 which was crutial for liberating Western Europe

What was the purpose of the neutrality acts in the 1930s?

to prevent US involvement in foreign conflicts

Who was the British prime minister known for his opposition to appeasement before WW2?

Winston Churchill

What was the significance of the Yalta conference in 1945?

it established post war plans for Europe and the formation of the United Nations

What was the outcome of the Nuremberg Trials after WW2?

Nazi leaders were held accountable for war crimes

What was the significance of the Battle of the Budge in 1944-45?

it was Germany’s last major offensive on the Western Front.

Who was the US General in charge of the allied forces in Europe during WW2?

Dwight D Eisenhower

What year did the Us officially enter WW2?

1941

What was the significance of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945?

they led to Japan’s surrender and the end of WW2

What were the main causes of the Great Depression?

overproduction, underconsumption, stock market speculation, and government policies like high tariffs

What was Hoovers initial response to th

He urged caution among investors and promoted volunteerism and private charity

Describe island hopping strategy used by the Allies in the Pacific

A military strategy of capturing strategic islands while bypassing others to cut off Japanese supply lines

How did the US government finance its war efforts during WW2?

war bonds, increased taxes, borrowing

What were the major battles in the European Theater of WW2?

D-Day, Battle of Stalingrad, and the Battle of the Bulge

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

1932, created by congress under hoover to make emergency loans to banks, life insurance companies, and railroads and helped shore up several faltering businesses

Bonus expeditionary force

made up of members of the American Expeditionary, force, they pressed congress to pat the cash bonuses owed to nearly 4 million veterans, gov paid for train tickets, but some stayed and formed Hoovervilles, hoover forcibly removed them

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

1933, created by the Glass-Stegall act, insured customer bank accounts up to $2,500 reducing likelihood of future panics

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

1934, established by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, it enforced new laws and regulations governing the issuance and trading of stocks and bonds

National Recovery Administration

1933, guaranteed the right of workers ot unionize, waiving anti-trust laws, allowed large corporations to create detailed “codes of fair competition” among themselves, hourly work max and minimum weekly wages and ban of child labor

In what ways did the Hoover administration fail to address the human distress caused by the Great Depression?

believed in volunteerism and private charity instead of intervention, prioritized balanced budget over funding relief programs, failure to create enough jobs to deal with unemployment, failure to address bonus army, lack of effective federal programs, inability to inspire confidence in the American people

What were the goals and accomplishments of the first new deal?

It aimed to recover the economy, deal with unemployment, reform financial systems and support agriculture. Its accomplishments include many acts like the Emergency Banking Relief Act and many programs like the Federal Deposit Insurance corporation (FDIC)

What led to the rise of fascism?

economic instability after WW1, political disillusionment of democratic government, nationalism and promises of leaders, fear of communism

How did President Roosevelt and congress respond to the events leading up to the outbreak and early stages of wars in Europe and Asia between 1933-1941?

At first, Roosevelt and congress practiced isolationism using neutrality act and cash and carry policies to keep themselves out of the war. Eventually in 1939-1941, they started to prepare the military and enacted the Lend-Lease Act and Atlantic charter with Britan.

What were the effects of the second World War on American civilians?

American civilians experienced the end of the Great Depression, the growth of corporations, wage increases, women in the workforce, civil rights movements, migration, increased government authority, and a shift form isolationism to Interventionism

What majors’ factors enabled the US and its allies to win the war in europe?

The US’s industrial compacity, economic resources from the Lend and Lease Act, military strategy, technology like radar and code breaking, diverse military forces, soviet resistance and sacrifice like at the Battle of Stalingrad, public support, and the geographical advantaged of the European theater

How were the Japanese defeated in the war in the Pacific?

The battles of Midway and Leyte Gulf were huge turning points, the island-hopping strategy, air superiority, sustained naval blockades, atomic bombings, and soviet entry into the war.

How did President Roosevelt and the allies shape the postwar world?

the formation of the United Nations, the Atlantic charter with Churchill, the Yalta conference that reorganized postwar Europe, the Marshall plan, decolonization of Asia African and the middle east due to Roosevelts belief in self determination