APUSH week 1 vocab

caste system

rigid spanish colonial social hierarchy system, based on racial ancestry and birth place

civic humanism

the belief that individuals owe a civic duty to be active, contributing members of their community and fovernment

columbian exchange

the widespread exchange of animals, plants, humans, and diseases across the Atlantic, between the old and new world

enclosure acts

british laws that privatized and fenced off common communal lands, forcing small farmers off their traditional livelihood(job)

encomienda

a spanish colonial labor arrangement that gave colonists the right to demand forced labor and tribute from the native americans

guild

medieval trade association of artisans(craftsmen and merchants) that regulated productions, prices and encouraged domestic manufacturing

mercantilism

an economic system where the government tightly controls trade to keep the home country rich and maintain a favorable balance of trade

mestizo

a person of native and european(spanish) descent

outwork

manufacturing system where merchants bought raw materials and distribute them to landless peasants/rural families to spin/weave/assemble them into cloth

price revolution

period of dramatic, sustained price inflation in europe

pueblos

sedentary natives of american sw, known for distinctive multistory houses made of adobe

primogeniture

an english legal practice where a families entire real estate and land is passed down to the eldest son

reconquista

centuries long military campaign from the spanish/portuguese catholics to drive the muslims out and retake the iberian peninsula

republic

a governmental system where its governed by the people or their elected representative, no prince/king/monarch

maize

foundational crop whose cultivation and northward spread from Mexico fundamentally transformed native americans before european contact

3 sisters

symbiotic planting system from natives consisting of maize, beans, squash