AP HUG Unit 3.6

What does it mean for culture to be socially constructed?

Cultural ideas values and practices are created and developed collectively by groups of people over time rather than being naturally fixed.

What is an example of different socially constructed cultural values?

American culture tends to emphasize individualism while Japanese culture traditionally places greater emphasis on community and collective well-being.

What contemporary forces encourage cultural diffusion?

Travel migration globalization urbanization media technology politics economics and increased social interaction.

How does travel encourage cultural diffusion?

Travel exposes people to other cultures and allows them to bring new cultural ideas practices and experiences back home.

What is globalization?

The increasing economic political and social interconnectedness and interdependence of people and places around the world.

What factors have accelerated globalization?

Improved transportation communication technology multinational businesses international political connections and digital technology.

What is urbanization?

The increasing size population and influence of cities.

Why does urbanization encourage cultural diffusion?

Cities bring diverse cultural ethnic linguistic and religious groups into close contact and increase cultural interaction.

How is globalization related to time-space convergence?

Modern transportation and communication reduce the effective distance between places and allow people and cultures to interact more quickly.

How has globalization affected distance decay?

Improved transportation and communication weaken distance decay by allowing cultural interaction across greater distances.

What are five major channels of contemporary cultural diffusion?

Media technology politics economics and social relationships.

How does media promote cultural diffusion?

Movies television music and other media spread cultural values ideas and practices to audiences around the world.

What are examples of cultural diffusion through global media?

American movies Japanese anime and European soccer have become popular far beyond their places of origin.

How does technology promote cultural diffusion?

The internet and social media allow people to interact with and spread cultural traits almost instantly across large distances.

How is K-pop an example of contemporary cultural diffusion?

K-pop developed in South Korea and spread globally through the internet and social media especially through contagious diffusion.

How can global politics influence culture?

International organizations and governments can promote social and political values that influence cultural practices in other countries.

How can economics influence cultural diffusion?

Global trade multinational businesses and powerful economies spread economic practices consumer products and cultural ideas around the world.

What is cultural globalization?

The worldwide spread and increasing interaction of cultural ideas practices products and values.

What is cultural convergence?

The process in which different cultures adopt common cultural traits and become increasingly similar.

What are examples of cultural convergence?

The worldwide spread of popular entertainment consumer products dominant languages and similar economic practices.

How can cultural convergence contribute to language loss?

People may increasingly use dominant global languages while smaller local and Indigenous languages become endangered or extinct.

Why is language loss culturally significant?

Language carries cultural knowledge identity traditions and values so losing a language can contribute to the loss of culture.

What is cultural divergence?

The process in which cultural groups become more distinct often by resisting outside cultural influences and preserving their traditions.

How are the Amish an example of cultural divergence?

Many Amish communities reject certain modern technologies to preserve their distinctive cultural traditions and identity.

How can governments encourage cultural divergence?

Governments can use laws regulations or policies to protect local languages media traditions and cultural practices from outside influence.

How have France and Quebec attempted to protect their cultures?

They have supported and protected French-language media and cultural products against the growing influence of English.

How has Bhutan attempted to protect its culture?

Bhutan has historically restricted some foreign media and tourism partly to protect its distinctive Buddhist culture from outside influence.

What is cultural survival?

Efforts to preserve and protect threatened Indigenous cultures languages traditions and ways of life.

How can globalization threaten Indigenous cultures?

Outside development media migration and economic activity can weaken traditional languages practices and relationships with land.

What is an example of cultural survival discussed in this topic?

Efforts to preserve the culture and traditional lands of the Miskito people of Honduras amid pressures from outside economic development.

What are the two major possible effects of increased cultural interaction?

Cultural convergence in which cultures become more similar and cultural divergence in which cultures maintain or strengthen their differences.