unit one - intro to psychology

#1

behaviorism

the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only

case study

an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

dependent variable

the measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested

experiment

a research method in which an investigator manipulated one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process

experimental group

the group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested

functionalism

a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable to organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

Gestalt psychology

a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the partsj

control group

in an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment for comparison

correlation

a measure of the relationship between two variables

independent variable

variable that is manipulatedi

Ivan pavlov

classical conditioning 

John b Watson

behaviorism

naturalistic observation

observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

objective introspection

the process of examining and measuring one’s own thoughts and mental activities 

observer bias

tendency of observers to see what they expect to see

placebo effect

experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent

psychology

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes 

representative sample

randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects

scientific method

a series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions

sigmund freud

founder of psychoanalysis

structuralism

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

wilhelmina Wundt

father of psychology