Chapter 17 review

Urinary system

Kidneys funciton

Filters blood

Ureters function

Transport urine from kidneys to bladder

Urinary bladder function

Stores urine

Urethra function

Carries urine outside of body

Pathway of urine

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Location of kidneys

Retroperitoneal

Retroperitoneal meaning

Behind the peritoneum

Which kidney is positioned slightly inferior to the other?

Right

Branches of the abdominal aorta, eventually branch into afferent arterioles.

Renal arteries

The functional unit of the kidney, microscopic structure that filters blood, removes wastes, and forms urine.

Nephron

Pathway of blood in kidneys from abdominal aorta to glomerulus. (all arteries)

Renal, Segmental , Interlobar , Arcuate , Cortical radiate , Afferent arteriole.

Pathway of blood in kidneys from Glomerulus to inferior vena cava. (all veins)

Efferent arteriole, Peritubular capillaries or vasa recta, Cortical radiate, Arcuate, Interlobar, Renal

Part of nephron- Cluster glomerulus and glomerular capsule. First step of urine formation.

Renal corpuscle

Part of nephron- Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule. The collecting duct.

Renal tubule

Glomerulus, Glomerular capsule, Proximal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop descending then ascending, Distal convoluted tubule, Collective duct.

Urine formation in nephron

Urine excretion pathway

Minor, Major, Renal pelvis, Ureter, Urinary bladder, Urethra.

Step in urine formation- First step, Blood pressure filters water and small substances into the glomerular capsule. Blood cells and proteins stay in blood.

Glomerular filtration

Step in urine formation- Second step, returns useful substances to blood.

Tubular reabsorption

Step in urine formation- Third step, removal of additional waste from blood.

Tubular secretion

The amount of filtration the kidneys produce each minute

Glomerular filtration rate

Does the GFR increase or decrease in times of excess body fluid.

Increase

Hormone system that raises BP and helps the body keep water and sodium.

Renin angiotensin system

What is secreted when low BP, low salt, and stress are detected

Renin

What if found in urine may indicate disease

Glucose, proteins, ketones, blood cells

Hormone that helps the body conserve water

Antidiuretic

Tells kidneys to reabsorb more water, making urine more concentrated and reducing the amount of urine produced.

ADH role in regulating urine comp

ADH level- Urine becomes more concentrated and less is produced

High

ADH level- Urine becomes more dilute and more is produced

Low

95% water, urea, uric acid, trace of amino acids and electrolytes.

Composition of urine

Renal papillae, minor and major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.

Urine pathway after it forms in nephrons

Ring of smooth muscle at the opening of the bladder that keeps urine in the bladder until it relaxes

Internal urethral sphincter

Other word for urination

Micturition

Detrusor muscle contracts, internal and external urethral sphincter relax

Process of micturition